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Animal Management (L3) - Year 1 > Behaviour and Communication (Terminology) > Flashcards

Behaviour and Communication (Terminology) Flashcards

1
Q

Stereotypical behaviour

A

Repetitive, fixed sequence of behaviour with no obvious function, often linked to stress and mental well-being - e.g. hamster repeating same route

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2
Q

Displacement behaviour

A

Behaviour appears irrelevant to situation, occurs when animal is unsure what to do with conflicting motivations - e.g. scratching or self-grooming

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3
Q

Hyperactivity

A

Displaying high activity levels, abnormally short attention span and high impulsiveness - e.g. chasing tail, constant movement, destructive behaviour

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4
Q

Excessive inactivity

A

Abnormally low activity levels for species or breed and whether they’re wild or captive (captive animals tend to be less active than their wild counterparts)

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5
Q

Flehmen response

A

Animal inhales with mouth open and upper lip curled, facilitates the transfer of pheromones and scents to gather information

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6
Q

Evolution

A

A process where a species’ heritable characteristics change over many generations to make the animal more suited to it’s environment

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7
Q

Development

A

How a behaviour develops within an individual’s lifetime

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8
Q

Domestication

A

A process where animals adapt to humans and the human environment via a combination of genetic changes (occurring over generations) and developmental mechanisms

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9
Q

Heredity

A

The passing on of traits from parents to offspring - heredity influences some behaviour directly and also provides limitations on characteristics that determine what an animal can learn and therefore how it behaves

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10
Q

Observational learning

A

Watching and copying the behaviour of other animals (e.g. parents, peers)

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11
Q

Trial and error

A

Learning takes place through doing and then assessing the outcome - repeating and adapting behaviour until animal achieves positive outcome

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12
Q

Cultural behaviour

A

Behaviours passed down within a population of a species through shared knowledge and social teaching

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13
Q

Hierarchy

A

A system of rank within a social group

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14
Q

Allo-grooming

A

The grooming of another animal by a member of the same species, strengthens social bonds

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15
Q

Dominant

A

The situation where one animal repeatedly wins over another for a competed or contested resource

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16
Q

Submissive

A

The situation where one animal repeatedly loses over another for a competed or contested resource

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17
Q

Altruism

A

When an animals behaviour decreases its own chance of survival/success and increases another animals chances of survival/success

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18
Q

Affiliative behaviour

A

Behaviour that aids in the formation of social and emotional bonds with others - e.g. allogrooming, play

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19
Q

Agonistic behaviour

A

Behaviour shown in order to avoid physical conflict - e.g. baring teeth, eye contact

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20
Q

Polygamy

A

Breeding with multiple partners

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21
Q

Polygyny

A

Mating between one male and multiple females where the male puts forward the mating effort and the female puts forward the parenting effort

22
Q

Polyandry

A

Mating between one female and multiple males in order to increase the chances of viable offspring during a short mating season

23
Q

Monogamous

A

A mating pair of one female and one male at a time

24
Q

Imprinting

A

When an animal learns to make a particular response to only one type of animal or object

25
Q

Bonding

A

A biological process in which individuals of the same or different species develop a connection

26
Q

Biparental care

A

Male and female co-operate to provide care for joint offspring

27
Q

Female-only care

A

Males may be present but provide no active role in care, female is sole provider

28
Q

Male-only care

A

Males raise the offspring and the female is not present

29
Q

No parental care

A

Offspring is abandoned at birth or soon after but are precocial and can survive without parental involvement

30
Q

Intensive care

A

When one or both parents commit fully to raising their offspring for a long period of time

31
Q

Filial imprinting

A

Offspring learn the characteristics of their mother and stay close to her - this is irreversible but fades over time

32
Q

Sexual imprinting

A

Males imprint on the appearance of their mother so that they are able to recognise what a female of their species looks like, preventing cross-breeding

33
Q

Solitary

A

An animals key behaviours are carried out alone but they will come together for mating

34
Q

Eusocial groups

A

Multigenerational family groups where the animals are born into their roles and the majority of individuals co-operate to aid the few reproductive members

35
Q

Social groups

A

Individuals live co-operatively in small to large groups

36
Q

Natural selection

A

Choosing a mate with characteristics favourable for survival

37
Q

Sexual selection

A

Choosing a mate with characteristics that increase mating success

38
Q

Linear hierarchy

A

Animals dominated by higher ranking members in turn dominate lower ranking members - this is established by repeated social interactions

39
Q

Complex hierarchy

A

Every member is ranked relative to every other member, each animal has a relationship with every other member

40
Q

Redirected aggression

A

When an animal redirects their aggression to other animals or objects - this is linked to displacement and stereotypical behaviour

41
Q

Intraspecific

A

Within the same species

42
Q

Interspecific

A

Across different species

43
Q

Instinctive

A

Behaviour that has a fixed genetic basis and does not have to be learnt

44
Q

Fixed action patterns

A

Innate behaviour that is initiated by a specific stimulus and follows a regular, unvarying pattern

45
Q

Ad libitum sampling

A

All behaviours seen during the observation period are recorded

46
Q

Focal sampling

A

All occurrences of specified behaviours of an individual are recorded for a specified amount of time

47
Q

Scan sampling

A

A group or individual is scanned at regular timed intervals and the behaviour occurring at that instant is recorded

48
Q

Behaviour sampling

A

Each occurrence of a particular type of behaviour is recorded, whilst all other behaviours are ignored

49
Q

Atypical behaviour

A

Behaviour that wouldn’t be expected

50
Q

Tinbergen’s four questions - A,B,C,D,E,F

A

Animal
Behaviour
Causation (how is the behaviour controlled?)
Development (how did it develop in the individual’s lifetime?)
Evolution (how did the behaviour evolve?)
Function (what is the behaviour for?)

51
Q

Neoteny/paedomorphosis

A

The retention of juvenile traits into adulthood

52
Q

Alloparenting

A

When other individuals help to raise offspring

Animal Management (L3) - Year 1 (5 decks)

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