Health and human rights interventions Flashcards
HDI
Human Development Index
-Life expectancy
-GNI per capita
-Average years in school
The Happy Planet Index
Experienced well-being multiplied by life expectancy. All over ecological footprint.
Varying life expectancy in developed countries
-Lifestyles, eg obesity in USA
-Deprivation
-Healthcare accessibility, eg NHS
Aboriginal people of Australia
-Men live 10.6 years fewer than non indigenous men
-High obesity and diabetes rates
-Difficulty farming and lack of education
Why is health globally uneven
-GDP
-Rapid population growth
-Conflict
-Natural hazards
MDGs (Millennium Development Goals)
8 goals set up in 2000s to be achieved by 2015 eg:
-Eradicate extreme poverty
-Universal primary schooling
Achieved:
-Extreme poverty cut by half
-Maternal mortality fell 45%
SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)
17 goals, set up in 2015 to be achieved by 2030 eg:
-Zero poverty & hunger
-Climate action
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
-1945, 30 rights
-Eleanor Roosevelt
-Used to validate intervention
National sovereignty
The extent to which a country governs itself
European Convention of Human Rights
-1950, 47 countries
-Breaches taken up in European Court of Human Rights
-99% of UK cases thrown out
-Undermines sovereignty
Geneva Convention on Human Rights
-Rules for war, 1949 convention signed by 196 countries
-Protects civilians, medical workers and prisoners
-82% breach it by torturing or mistreating citizens
Myanmar Intervention
The UN and ASEAN imposed sanctions on Myanmar, to encourage the military dictatorship to respect human rights. Leading to democratic elections in 2015.
Democracy Index
-% turnout in elections
-Demographic of voters
-Pluralism
2023:
Almost 40% of the world under authoritarian rule
Ukraine democracy weakened by war
Corruption Index
From 0-100, 100 meaning no corruption
Global average is 43
Corruption costs 2% of global GDP
For a rise of 1 on the index, a country receives 11% less investment
Rwandan Genocide 1994
-Hutu given work and Tutsi given govt jobs by Belgian colonists
-Hutu tried to eradicate Tutsi after the Hutu president died
-800,000 died
-93 indicted by trial, 1.2m tried in gacaca courts
Geopolitical Intervention
The exercise of a country’s power to influence events outside its borders
Development Aid
Provides a place with specific support to reach specific targets (health/education) or as response to a natural disaster
Dambisa Moyo
-Campaigns for aid to stop, as it creates long term reliance, which keeps African countries from making necessary developments
-African govts should provide public goods
Economic intervention/support
-Trade deals to help developing nations
-FDI
-Trade embargoes
Military aid
Aid used to assist a country in defence efforts or to maintain control
Military intervention
An attempt of a foreign state to prevent violations of human rights in another state, usually through physical armed force
Failure of development aid in Haiti (2010 EQ)
-By 2015, only half the promised aid was received
-9000 died from cholera due to a lack of clean water
-Too many unqualified, small scale NGOs
-Still over 500,000 in emergency camps by 2015
The Global Fund disease eradication
Since implementation in 2000, the Global Fund has saved 65m lives, by fighting TB, HIV and malaria in Africa.
Success of development aid
-Eradicating smallpox in 1970s
-Extreme poverty decreased by 1bn 1990-2015 (MDGs)
-The Global Fund
