Case Studies Flashcards
Need for regeneration in Plymouth
Deindustrialisation
Less employment in navy
High unemployment, life exp 4 below avg, 46000 in deprived areas
Successes of Plymouth regen
-Drake Circus founded in 2006, £1.3bn into economy. Increased capacity on A386.
-‘Britain’s Ocean City’ , so more people want to visit and live there
-Marine Research Plymouth, Knowledge Economy and disposable incomes
Failures of Plymouth regen
-Unequal regen, 7 areas including Ernesttle and Devonport still in top 10 deprived in Devon
-Q&Q of housing, 10000 people on list
-Quaternary industry does nothing to help deprived
Bath studentification
6000 HMOs in BANES
-Pushes others out housing market, upsets locals
Bath regeneration
Retail centric, 55 shops, 860 car spaces
Pros: 24-26m visitors, tertiary jobs, visual improvement
Cons: Heritage threat, TNCs vs local stores
HS2
London to Birmingham to Man and Leeds
Pros: Bridges divide, 70% jobs out LDN, UK gains £15bn per year
Cons: Stage 2 axed, cost from £20 to £105 billion, may help LDN the most
IMF (International Monetary Fund)
-Loans to nations if they accept free market economics
-Can mean cuts on education, healthcare etc
World Bank
-$470m to Philippines for poverty reduction 2014
-All presidents have been American
WTO (World Trade Org)
-Advocates for trade liberalisation
- China removed restrictions on rare earth minerals 2014
North Korea
-Autocracy for 70 years, no internet etc
-Extreme protectionism, stays out world affairs
South Korea
-5th largest exporter and 7th importer 2014, free trade with 75%
-Samsung, LG, K-pop
Need for regeneration in Cornwall
-Mechanisation and outsourcing
-Rural, ageing, isolated, nearest M-way in Exeter
-UK’s poorest region
Successes of Cornwall regen
Eden Project - £1.1bn in 10 years, 2700 local suppliers, 80% visit Sprig-Autumn
CUC - Helps graduates set up business or find knowledge based jobs, reduces brain drain
Failures of Cornwall regen
-Still rural flight, ‘Jobs not careers’, low wages, lack of services
-Enterprise zones, inaccessible to deprived
-Lack of M-way so no radiator effect felt
Bronte country regen
Need- Decline of agriculture and textiles
Strategies- Bronte Falls, Museum etc, Bronte Buses
Eval- Purely tourism so seasonal, won’t attract investment, high rural flight
China globalisation
1978 Open Door Policy, to attract foreign businesses
Pre 1978 (isolationism) : $150bn
2024 : $22trn
CCP owns 12/30 richest TNCs
Achuar Amazonian tribe
-GeoPark want to drill for oil
-Some reject it: destruction of habitats, loss of culture, toxic waste into rivers
-Others welcome it: economic growth, opportunity for the tribe to join modern world
Peak British empire
-1/4 of land, 400m people
-India, Africa, Canada, Australia
-Impacts on democracy, school, language, culture still seen today
Belt and road initiative
-Maritime silk road and economic belt
-China give infrastructure in return for trade agreements
-Pakistan port, highway and railway giving China a new route of trading oil
Chinese neo-colonialism in Africa
-80% of Chinese imports from Africa
-Peacemaker role between north & south Sudan
-Responsible for 12% of Africa’s debt
-China might address pollution by moving industry to Africa
Pearl River Delta
-Shenzhen, Hong Kong and other megacities
-270m people
-Manufacturing
-Most polluted river in the world
Arctic resources
-22% of undiscovered hyrdrocarbons
-International waters
-Desired by Canada, USA, Russia, Norway, Denmark
Tar sands (human)
-Canada is biggest oil exporter to USA, 98% from oil sands
-$54bn annually
-Extremely polluting, 50% reduction in caribou
Tensions in Arctic
-Many claim ownership
-Russia flag, claiming nearly half of arctic
-Others denied this claim
-If price of oil increases then exploration will be incentivised
Counterfeiting (mainly China)
-5 to 10% of global trade is counterfeit goods
-Costs jobs and revenue in west, created instead in Asia
-TNCs less likely to trust and invest in China
Increasing power of emerging nations
-BRICS account for 45% of global population and 28% of GDP
-By 2030, China, Indonesia, India & Japan will have economies greater than $5 trillion
-By 2025, 440/600 cities with highest GDP will be in emerging countries
Decline in western power
-Deprivation in de-industrialised cities
-Spain unemployment 12%
-BREXIT, lack of voting choice in USA
-Ageing populations
-Exhaustion of fossil fuels, energy insecurity in EU
-74% of adult Americans overweight
PWC 2050 predictions
(superpowers)
By 2050, E7 could grow twice as fast as G7. Top 5 GDP: China, India, USA, Indonesia, Brazil
