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Human Geography > Globalisation > Flashcards

Globalisation Flashcards

1
Q

Globalisation

A

The process whereby the world is becoming increasingly interconnected and interdependent through trade and travel

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2
Q

Thomas Friedman “The world is flat”

A

1492-1820: Driven by countries
1820-2000: Driven by companies
2000-present Driven by individuals

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3
Q

IGOs

A

Inter-governmental organisation, such as the WTO, World Bank and IMF

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4
Q

Tariff

A

Added cost to importing a good internationally

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5
Q

Quota

A

Amount of trade that’s allowed

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6
Q

Protectionism

A

Uses tariffs and quotas to restrict trade, so protecting producers in the nation

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7
Q

Free Trade Blocs

A

Groups of countries that allow free flow of goods and money, eg the EU

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8
Q

Offshoring

A

TNCs producing in low wage economies and shipping to HICs

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9
Q

Foreign mergers

A

2 firms from different countries merge

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10
Q

Foreign aquisitions

A

A TNC taking over a foreign company, often hostile

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11
Q

Transfer pricing

A

Channeling profits through low tax countries

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12
Q

Lengthening connections

A

Connections from further away

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13
Q

Deepening connections

A

Connections penetrating deeper

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14
Q

KOF index

A

Measure of globalisation, compares countries (mainly by economic factors)

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15
Q

AT Kearney Index

A

Measures globalisation of cities by business activity, information exchange, cultural experience, political engagement and human capital

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16
Q

Outsourcing

A

A TNC pays a foreign country to fulfill a job for them (production)

17
Q

Global Production Networks

A

Chains of production through multiple countries

18
Q

Glocalisation

A

When a TNC adapts its product to suit local culture

19
Q

IMF (International Monetary Fund)

A

-Loans to nations if they accept free market economics
-Can mean cuts on education, healthcare etc

20
Q

World Bank

A

-$470m to Philippines for poverty reduction 2014
-All presidents have been American

21
Q

WTO (World Trade Org)

A

-Advocates for trade liberalisation
- China removed restrictions on rare earth minerals 2014

22
Q

North Korea

A

-Autocracy for 70 years, no internet etc
-Extreme protectionism, stays out world affairs

23
Q

South Korea

A

-5th largest exporter and 7th importer 2014, free trade with 75%
-Samsung, LG, K-pop

24
Q

China globalisation

A

1978 Open Door Policy, to attract foreign businesses

Pre 1978 (isolationism) : $150bn
2024 : $22trn
CCP owns 12/30 richest TNCs

25
Q

Switched on

A

-Large labour force
-Good infrastructure
-Govt support of TNCs
-Political stability
-Coastal
-Natural resources

26
Q

Switched off

A

-Corruption
-Censorship
-Natural disasters
-Debt
-Poor infrastructure
-Landlocked

27
Q

Rural-urban migration in Dharavi (Mumbai slum)

A

-People migrate for jobs, better education, healthcare etc
-700k people
-500 people per toilet
-Mass plastic pollution

28
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

The spread of one culture into another

29
Q

Cultural homogenisation

A

How cultures are becoming increasingly similar.
eg Americanisation with music, movies, TNCs

30
Q

Diaspora

A

Community who share a national/ethnic identity living away from their homeland

31
Q

Censorship

A

Restricting information from being exposed to the public. Restricts political, social and cultural globalisation.

32
Q

Localism

A

Prioritising local success rather than regional or global.
-Wapping Wharf with only local independent businesses (CARGO 56 shops)

33
Q

Achuar Amazonian tribe

A

-GeoPark want to drill for oil
-Some reject it: destruction of habitats, loss of culture, toxic waste into rivers
-Others welcome it: economic growth, opportunity for the tribe to join modern world

Human Geography (3 decks)

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