Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MoD > healing and repair > Flashcards

healing and repair Flashcards

1
Q

How long does it take to make fibrillar collagen?

A

1-2 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In what phase of cell cycle are stable cells held in

A

G0 phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Slow remodelling of collagen is aided by what enzyme

A

Collagenases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are growth factors

A

Polypeptides that act on cell surface receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are growth factors coded by

A

Proto-oncogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are labile cells

A

Cells that multiply constantly throughout life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are multipotent stem cells

A

Stem cells that produce several types of differentiated cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some examples of growth factors

A

Epidermal growth factor
Vascular endothelial growth factor
platelet derived growth factor
tumour necrosis factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some examples of labile tissue

A

Surface epithelia
haematopoietic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some examples of regeneration

A

Healing by primary intention

superficial abrasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some examples of stable tissue

A

Liver parenchyma
bone
endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 categories of collagen

A

Fibrillar : 1-3
Amorphous : 4-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 3 types of stem cells

A

Unipotent
Multipotent
totipotent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the clinical features of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

A

Joints hypermobile
Predisposition to joint dislocation
Can lead to retinal detachment
Rupturing of colon can occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the components of granulation tissue

A

Developing capillaries
Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts
chronic inflammatory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the consequences of scurvy

A

Unable to heal wounds
tooth loss
old scars break down and open up as new wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the different cell types

A

Permanent
stable
labile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the effects of adhesion formation in fibrous repair

A

compromise organ function
blocking of tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the effects of Alport syndrome

A

Dysfunction of glomerular basement membrane,

cochlea of ear and

lens of eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the functions of granulation tissue(3)

A

Fill gap

supply oxygen,nutrients and cells through capillaries

contracts and closes hole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the processes that occur in order for scar formation

A

Haemostasis - secs to mins
acute inflammation - mins to hrs
chronic inflammation - 1to 2 days
granulation tissue formation - 3 dyas
early scar formation - 7 to 10 days
scar maturation - wks to yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are totipotent stem cells

A

Stem cells that can produce any type of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are unipotent stem cells

A

Stem cells that only produce one type of differentiated cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What can cause insufficient fibrosis in fibrous repair

A

Obesity
elderly
malnutrition
steroid medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What collagen is abnormal in Alport syndrome

A

type IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What collagen supporting structure is affected in scurvy

A

Collagen supporting blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What do patients with Alport syndrome present with

A

Haematuria in children/adolescents which eventually progresses to renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what general factors can influence wound healing

A
  1. Age
  2. Anaemia, hypoxia and hypovolaemia
  3. Obesity
  4. Diabetes
  5. Genetic disorders
  6. Drugs
  7. Vitamin deficiency
  8. Malnutrition
29
Q

What inflammatory cells involved in fibrous repair

A

Neutrophils
macrophages
lymphocytes

30
Q

What inherited diseases can occur as a result of defective collagen synthesis

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Alport syndrome

31
Q

What is a scar

A

area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after an injury

32
Q

What is an acquired disease that can occur as a result of defective collagen synthesis

A

Scurvy

33
Q

what is an example of loss of function in fibrous repair

A

replacement of specialised function tissue by scar tissue

e.g. healed myocardial infarction with non-contracting areas of myocardium

34
Q

What is an example of overproduction of fibrous scar tissue in fibrous repair?

A

Keloid scar

35
Q

What is contact inhibition

A

regulatory mechanism that functions to keep cells growing into a layer one cell thick

36
Q

What is the defect in the collagen synthesis in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

A

Conversion of procollagen to tropocollagen

37
Q

What is healing by primary intention

A

healing that occurs when a clean laceration or a surgical incision is closed primarily with sutures, Steri-Strips, or skin adhesive

38
Q

what is healing by secondary intention

A

healing of an open wound, from the base upwards, by laying down new tissue

39
Q

What is impaired in collagen synthesis as a result of scurvy

A

lack of vitamin C dependant hydroxylation of procollagen chains
reduced cross linking

40
Q

What is regeneration

A

Replacement of cell losses by identical cells to maintain tissue or organ size

41
Q

What is the ability of tissue regeneration for labile tissue

A

Contain short lived cells that are replaced from cells derived from stem cells
e.g. epithelia

42
Q

What is the ability of tissue regeneration for stable tissue

A

Low level of replication but can undergo rapid proliferation in damage

43
Q

What is the basic principle involved in wound healing

A

Close the gap
Repair with scar

44
Q

What is the difference between an abrasion and an ulcer

A

Abrasion is at the superficial layer whereas ulcer is deeper

45
Q

What is the effect of excessive scar contraction in fibrous repair

A

obstruction of tubes

46
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in fibrous repair

A

Produce extracellular matrix proteins ie collagen

47
Q

What is the role of endothelial cells in fibrous repair

A

Angiogenesis

48
Q

What is the role of growth factors

A

Bind to specific receptors

stimulate transcription of genes that regulate entry of cells into cell cycle

49
Q

What local factors can influence wound healing(5)

A

Type,size,location of wound
mechanical stress
blood supply
local infection
foreign bodies

50
Q

What occurs in healing by primary intention

A

Epidermis regenerates
dermis undergoes fibrous repair

51
Q

What occurs in healing by secondary intention

A

Wound contraction must occur to close the wound
scar formation
new epidermis formed which is thinner than the original

52
Q

What occurs in wound contraction in healing by secondary intention

A

Scab contracts when it dries and shrinks
myofibroblasts appear and contract
contract as if margins are drawn to centre

53
Q

What processes are involved in wound healing

A

Haemostasis
Inflammation
Regeneration

54
Q

What structure can we not grow back once we have a scar

A

Hair follicles in that area

55
Q

What type of genetic condition is Alport syndrome

A

X linked recessive

56
Q

what type of replication do stem cells show

A

Asymmetric replication

57
Q

When are sutures taken out in primary intention

A

10 days, approximately 10% normal strength

58
Q

When can regeneration occur

A

Damage occurs in labile or stable tissue

tissue damage not extensive

59
Q

When does an early scar form in scar formation?

A

7-10 days

60
Q

When does fibrous repair occur

A

When there is significant tissue loss

If permanent or complex tissue injured

61
Q

When does granulation tissue form in scar formation

A

3 days

62
Q

where is healing of primary and secondary intention used

A

skin wounds

63
Q

Which cells replicate in regeneration

A

Stem cells

64
Q

why are scars paler than other areas

A

Melanocytes dont regenerate in the area

65
Q

Why does haemostasis need to occur in wound healing

A

Vessels are open

66
Q

Why does inflammation need to occur in wound healing

A

Tissue injury has occurred that need repairing

67
Q

Why is there tooth loss in scurvy

A

Collagen in peridontal ligaments short half life

Normal collagen replaced by defective collagen

68
Q

why must tissue damage not be extensive for regeneration to occur

A

regeneration requires an intact connective tissue scaffold to occur

69
Q

what binds cells to each other

A

Cadherins

MoD (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions