Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MoD > chronic inflammation > Flashcards

chronic inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What are giant cells?

A

multinucleate cells via fusion of macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are langhans giant cells?

A

giant cells type that has nuclei arranged in horseshoe shaped pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how are polymorphs in acute inflammation removed?

A

by macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are skip lesions?

A

inflammation that skip parts of the bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

common causes of cirrhosis

A

alcohol
fatty liver disease
infection
immunological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

complications of liver cirrhosis

A

portal hypertension
liver failure
hepatocellular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some drug causes of Chronic peptic ulcer?

A

NSAID
Alcohol
Cigarettes
steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some other examples of granulomatous infections?

A

leprosy
Syphilis
chronic fungal infections
“cat-scratch” disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some unknown causes of granulomatous inflammation

A

Sarcoidosis
Wegener’s granulomatosis
crohn’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 2 main types of inflammatory bowel disease

A

Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 2 types of granulomas?

A

Foreign body granulomas - particles poorly soluble
Immune granulomas - cell mediated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the categories of causes for granulomatous inflammation?

A

Mildly irritant foreign body
Infections
unknown causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the causes of Chronic peptic ulcer?

A

Helicobacter pylori
hyperacidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the general effects of chronic inflammation?

A

Fibrosis
Impaired function
Atrophy
Stimulation of immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the outcomes of tuberculosis?

A

Arrest(Stopped progression)
Erosion into bronchus
Tuberculous empyema (collection of pus)
Erosion into blood stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the types of giant cells (3)

A

Langhans giant cell
Foreign body type
Touton type giant cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are touton type giant cell?

A

multinucleated giant cell seen in lesions with high lipid content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What cells involved in chronic inflammation?

A

macrophages
lymphocytes
plasma cells
fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What class of cytokines do macrophages produce?

A

IL
TNF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What factors does macrophages release to control other cells (3)

A

EGF (epidermal growth factor)
FGF (Fibroblast growth factor)
PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What gender more affected by rheumatoid arthritis?

A

3:1
female:male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What histological feature is missing in gallbladder?

A

Muscularis mucosa
Submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

thyrotoxicosis (graves disease)?

A

autoimmune disease

enlarged thyroid

increased t4/t3 and reduced TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What immunological condition can lead to liver cirrhosis?

A

Primary biliary cholangitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What infection can cause cirrhosis?

A

Hepatitis B and C

26
Q

what is a caseating granuloma?

A

caseous necrosis occuring centralling in granuloma

27
Q

What is a granuloma?

A

Organised collection of epitheliod cells (modified macrophages)

28
Q

What is a infectious cause of granulomatous inflammation?

A

Myobacteria: Tuberculosis, leprosy or fungi

29
Q

What is an example of a foreign material cause of granulomatous inflammation?

A

Suture material

30
Q

What is an important component of tuberculosis structure?

A

Cell wall lipid made of Mycosides

31
Q

What is chronic cholecystitis?

A

inflammation of gallbladder
cystic duct obstruction

32
Q

What is chronic inflammation?

A

long-term inflammation lasting for prolonged periods of several months to years

33
Q

What is empyema?

A

collection of pus in the pleural cavity

34
Q

What is fistula formation?

A

abnormal connection between two hollow spaces

35
Q

What is formed as a result of cell mediated immunity with tuberculosis

A

epithelioid granuloma

Caseous necrosis

36
Q

what is granulation tissue?

A

new connective tissue that develops during healing process

37
Q

What is granulomatous inflammation?

A

Chronic inflammation with granulomas

38
Q

What is inflammatory bowel disease?

A

idiopathic inflammatory disease affecting large and small bowel

39
Q

what is miliary TB?

A

type of tuberculosis that has spread beyond your lungs

40
Q

What is sclerosis?

A

stiffening of a tissue or anatomical feature

41
Q

What is the appearance of plasma cells?

A

Basophillic cytoplasm
Clock face arragement

42
Q

What is the key cell involved in chronic inflammation

A

Macrophage

43
Q

What is the mnemonic for Chronic cholecystitis?

A

The 5 F’s:
Female
Fair
Fat
Fertile
Forty

44
Q

What is the role of foreign body granulomas?

A

Deal with particles that are poorly soluble

45
Q

What is transmural inflammation?

A

All layers of the bowel wall may be inflamed

46
Q

What occurs in crohn’s disease?

A

Skip lesions
granulomas
transmural infections
fibrosis
obstruction
fistula formation
anal lesions

47
Q

What occurs to fibroblasts in chronic inflammation

A

Proliferation with collagen production leads to fibrosis

48
Q

What organism is Tuberculosis caused by?

A

Mycobacteria Tuberculosis

49
Q

What part of stomach affected in autoimmune gastritis?

A

Fundus
body

50
Q

What process of blood vessels occurs in chronic inflammation?

A

Angiogenesis - formation of new blood vessels

51
Q

What processes occur in ulcertaive colitis?

A

large bowel Mucosal inflammation

malignant change

52
Q

What receptor does macrophage have to detect Mycobacterium

A

CR3

53
Q

What structures does crohns disease affect?

A

Small bowel and large bowel

54
Q

What structures does ulcerative colitis affect?

A

large bowel mainly

55
Q

What type of cell mainly seen in chronic gastritis?

A

Lymphocytes and plasma cells

56
Q

What type of cell mainly seen in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Plasma cells

57
Q

What type of cells seen in leishmaniasis (protozoal infection)

A

Macrophages

58
Q

When does a foreign body granuloma form

A

Foreign bodies or organisms that are difficult to eliminate

59
Q

When does chronic inflammation occur in relation to acute inflammation?

A

When damage is significant then repair and scarring occur

60
Q

When does immune granulomas arise?

A

cell mediated immunity

61
Q

Where is the common site for chronic peptic ulcers?

A

Antrum

first part of duodenum

MoD (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions