Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy MSBS > Head/Neck--Oral Cavity, Pharynx,Larynx > Flashcards

Head/Neck--Oral Cavity, Pharynx,Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the oral cavity

A
  • anteriorly: opens at the lips
  • posteriorly: opens into oropharynx
  • laterally: checks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vermillion border

A

-part of the lips where hair, sweat glands, and mucous glands ceases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the philtrum of the lips

A

-it is the embryological border where the two sides of the upper lip meet

***cleft lip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the labial frenulum of the lips

A

It is the attachment of the lips to the gum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which nerve Innervates the upper lip

A

The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which nerve innervates the bottom lip

A

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve ( CN V3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Characteristics of the cheeks

A
  • first layer is skin
  • second layer is muscle
  • third layer is mucous membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which nerve innervates the skin of the cheeks

A

-the trigeminal nerve (CN V2 & CN V3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the muscle of the cheeks

A
  • buccinator
  • it is a muscle of facial expression so it is innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)
  • used in suckling reflex
  • aids in chewing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which nerve innervates the mucous membrane of the cheeks

A
  • The trigeminal nerve (CN V)

* *like the skin of the cheeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the oral cavity

A
  • oral cavity is made up of two parts
    1) vestibule (between cheeks and gums/teeth)

2) oral cavity proper (between dental arches)
* **oral cavity proper is filled by tongue at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Features of the oral cavity proper (be able to label)

A

1) palatoglossal arch (first arch)
2) palatine tonsils (in between)
3) palatopharyngeal arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Palatine tonsils

A
  • one of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)
  • it is located at the entrance to the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract in order to protect the body
  • consequently, site of potential infection (tonsillitis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the gums

A
  • there are two parts of the gums:
    1) free gingiva
    2) attached gingiva

-gums have the same innervation as the teeth around them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the teeth

A

There are two sets of teeth:

1) maxillary (upper jaw)
- CN V2 innervation

2) mandibular (lower jaw)
- CN V3 innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functions of the tongue

A

1) move food into the pharynx

2) aid in phonation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Parts of the tongue

A
  • made of two parts
    1) oral portion (body)

2) pharyngeal portion (root or base)
- base is anchored, immovable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the inferior surface of the tongue

A
  • it is attached tot he floor of the oral cavity by the “lingual frenulum”
  • location of lingual vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the superior surface of the tongue

A
  • known as the dorsum and is covered by finger-like projections called papillae
  • papillae occur only on the body (anterior 2/3 of the tongue)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the clinical significance of the lingual vein

A
  • thin membrane covering it allows for easy/rapid uptake

- not all drugs can be taken sublingually because some drugs are activated by digestive enzymes (timed release)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Types of papillae

A

1) filiform papillae
2) fungiform papillae (taste buds)
3) foliage papillae (have taste buds and are on lateral tongue)
4) vallate papillae (taste buds; posterior body)
* **there are taste buds in posterior 1/3 of tongue even though no papillae

22
Q

Other features on dorsum of tongue (be able to label)

A

1) median sulcus (groove)
- few nerves just septum with fat
2) sulcus terminalis
- base of tongue and body of tongue junction
3) foremen cecum
- where thyroid gland developed
4) lingual tonsil
- lymphoid tissue in the base of tongue

23
Q

Innervation of the body of the tongue

A
  • body is innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
  • taste buds are innervated by facial nerve (CN VII)
24
Q

Innervation of the base/root of the tongue

A

-the base or root of the tongue along with its taste buds is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

25
Q

Describe the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  • within the body of the tongue and control movement of oral cavity
  • innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
26
Q

Describe the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A
  • they act on the body of the tongue
  • aid in digestion
  • primary movements
    1) protrusion
    2) retraction
    3) depression
  • innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
27
Q

Functions of saliva

A
  • saliva is produced by salivary glands and contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of food
  • also helps moisten the mouth to help chew and swallow
28
Q

Name the salivary glands

A

1) parotid gland (largest)
2) submandibular gland
3) sublingual gland

29
Q

Parotid gland

A
  • parotid duct crosses the masseter to end in the vestibule of the oral cavity adjacent to the upper second molar
  • it is under parasympathetic innervation by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
30
Q

Submandibular glands

A
  • located along the body of the mandible adjacent to the lingual frenulum
  • open at the sublingual papilla a
  • under parasympathetic innervation by the facial nerve (CN VII)
31
Q

Sublingual glands

A
  • lie in the floor of the mouth deep t o the tongue
  • these glands open via many ducts directly into sublingual fossa
  • they are under parasympathetic innervation by the facial nerve (CN VII)
32
Q

Pharynx

A
  • the pharynx serves as a general passageway for the GI tract and respiratory system
  • a fibromuscular tube that lies anterior to the vetebral column
  • it begins at the posterior aperture of the nose and ends at the esophagus
33
Q

Regions of the pharynx (be able to label)

A

1) nasopharynx
2) oropharynx
3) laryngopharynx

34
Q

Pharyngeal tonsil

A

-lymphoid tissue located on the “roof” of the nasopharynx aka adenoids

***enlarged pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) can completely block airflow through the nasal passages

35
Q

Auditory tube

A
  • also known as the eustachian tube or pharyngotympanic tube
  • it links the nasopharynx to the middle ear
  • it is the lateral wall of nasopharynx
  • it is approximately 1/3 bone & 2/3 cartilage
36
Q

Functions of the auditory tube

A

1) pressure equalization
- equalizing pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere

2) mucus drainage
- drains mucus form the middle ear

***pressure difference across middle ear causes temporary conductive hearing loss

37
Q

Otitis media

A
  • inflammation of the middle ear (commonly affects the auditory tube)
  • children under 7 are more susceptible likely due to shorter and more horizontal angle
38
Q

Wall of the pharynx

A

-lined with mucous membrane continuous with the cavity that it lies in

39
Q

Constrictor muscles of the wall of the pharynx

A
  • 3 sets of overlapping semicircular constrictor muscles that function to push bolus down to esophagus
    1) superior
    2) middle
    3) inferior

-innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)

40
Q

Longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A
  • 3 sets of strap-like muscles that function to help open the pharynx for eating
    1) salpingopharyngeus
    2) stylopharnygeus
    3) palatopharyngeus

-longitudinal muscles are innervated by the vagus nerve ( CN X)

41
Q

Sleep apenia

A
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles relax causing blockage

- there is loss of negative pressure that normally pulls structures forward to allow air down pharynx

42
Q

Describe the larynx

A
  • called the voice box or organ of speech
  • acts to hold the airway open (cartilagenous)
  • anteriorly covered by the strap muscles (longitudinal muscles of the pharynx) and thyroid
  • adjacent to C3-C6
  • visible on the surface of the neck as the laryngeal prominence (adam’s apple)
43
Q

Describe the skeleton of the larynx

A
  • composed of cartilage 3 paired and 3 unpaired and membranes
  • unpaired: thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and epiglottis
  • paired: arytenoid cartilages, corniculate cartilages, cuneiform cartilages
  • relationship with the hyoid bone
44
Q

Unpaired cartilages of the larynx

A
  • all made of hyaline cartilage except for the epiglottis (elastic cartilage)
    1) thyroid cartilage: largest, opens posteriorly, midline is laryngeal prominence
    2) cricoid cartilage: complete ring
    3) epiglottis: leaf-shaped, elastic cartilage
45
Q

Paired cartilages of the larynx

A

1) arytenoid cartilages: pyramid shaped (snow boots)
- contain muscular process and vocal process
- anterior attachment for vocal ligaments

2) corniculate cartilages: on top of arytenoid
3) cuneiform cartilages

46
Q

Membranes of the skeleton of the larynx

A
  • membranes hold the cartilage together to the hyoid bone

- they have names that match the attachment points

47
Q

Muscle relations to cartilages of the larynx

A
  • skeletal muscles control the cartilage
  • movement of the cartilages cause movement of the vocal ligaments
  • under innervation of the vagus nerve (CN X)

***Vagus nerve damage can result in voice hoarseness

48
Q

Production of sound

A
  • abduction and adduction of the arytenoid cartilages open and close the space between the vocal ligaments
  • air along with vibration of the ligaments creates sound
49
Q

Pitch production

A
  • movement between the thyroid and cricoid ligaments change the length of the vocal ligaments (shorter vs. longer)
  • this affects pitch
50
Q

Laryngitis

A
  • inflammation of the larynx (overuse, irritation, or infection)
  • causes voice hoarseness distorts sound

***laryngeal polyps and nodules also distort sound/cause pain

Anatomy MSBS (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions