Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy MSBS > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the cardiovascular system

A
  1. transport blood from heart to tissues
  2. two vascular circuits: pulmonary and systemic
  3. distribute gases, nutrients, wastes & hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of the lymphatic vascular system

A
  • collect, filter lymph and return to the cardiovascular system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pericardium

A
  • it provides mechanical protective covering for the heart
  • fibrous pericardium forms outer wall of sac made of fibroelastic CT
  • parietal layer of serous pericardium
  • visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)
  • serous pericardium is lined by mesothelium (simple sqaumous epithelium)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

heart wall

A
  • visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)
  • myocardium
  • endocardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pericarditis

A
  • inflammation and thickening of the pericardial layers
  • decreased space in the pericardial cavity causes friction between layers and the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

epicardium

A
  • outermost layer of heart wall & relatively thin in comparison to the myocardium
  • two layers: mesothelium & subepicardial CT
    • meso-simple squamous epithelia (visceral pericardium
    • loose CT-contains adipose tissue, coronary bv, nerves and ganglia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

myocardium

A
  • thick middle layer made of:
  • cardiomyoctes arranged in spiral layers around heart to apex
  • contractile, conducting, & endocrine myocytes
  • endomysium & perimysium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

endomysium

A

connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

perimysium

A

CT between the layers of muscle bundles, blood vessels, & nerves (wrap fascicles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

intercalated disc

A
  • allow organ (heart) to work as single functional unit; as syncytium
  • mechanically (desmosomes a.k.a macula adherens)
  • chemically (gap junctions)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

myocardial infarction

A
  • necrosis: death of cardiac muscle cells due to ischemia
  • neutrophil infiltration to repair leads to scarring of heart wall
  • hypertrophy of heart cells (dead myocytes are not replaced)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A
  • dense irregular CT structures hold valves open and maintain shape
  • scaffold for myocytes to work against (point of insertion)
  • Electrical insulation (atria from ventricles) prevents singular contraction
  • tissue is chondriod w/ large round cells that make up:
    • annulus fibrosus
    • fibrous trigones
    • septum membranaceum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

annulus fibrosus

A
  • rings of CT around the openings of each valve in the heart:
    • 2 A-V valves
    • 2 semilunar valves
  • holds valves open & maintains their shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

fibrous trigones

A
  • triangular-shaped CT area between the valves
  • R & L trigones
  • Right trigone pierced by A-V bundle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

septum membraneceum

A

CT extending downward from trigone into top of interventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cardiac conducting system

A
  • a system of specialized cardiac cells that coordinate and distribute the contraction impulse (SAARS)
    • SA node
    • AV node
    • AV Bundle of His
    • R & L branch bundle
    • Subendocardial Plexus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SA node

A
  • pacemaker cells initiate contraction that intrinsincally beat (70/min)
  • under sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic invervation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

AV Node

A
  • made of “Follower cells” located at lower RA in atrial septum by tricuspid valve
  • can take over role of pacemaker
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bundle of His

A
  • leaves AV node pierces right trigone and enters ventricular septum
  • divides into R & L bundle branches at superior septum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

R & L bundle branches

A
  • travels down interventricular septum to supply impulse to respective ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
A
  • houses purkinje fibers (specialized cardiac muscle cells)
  • located in subendocardial connective tissue of endocardium
  • large, multinucleated cells; large perinuclear space; no contractile filaments
  • impulse starts at apex and spreds up towards base
22
Q

endocardium

A
  • lines heart chamber and separates the blood from the heart wall
  • made up of endothelium (simple sqaumous epithelium with basal lamina)
  • subendocardial loose connective tissue: contains purkinje fibers and contractile myocytes
23
Q

arteries

A

carry blood away from heart (high pressure)

24
Q

veins

A

carry blood towards heart (low pressure)

25
Q

capillaries

A

microvasculature mediating exchange of materials between blood and parenchyma (functional tissue not CT)

26
Q

what are the tissue layers of a vessel wall

A
  1. tunica intima
  2. tunica media
  3. tunica adventia
27
Q

elastic arteries

A
  • largest type of arteries; they are conducting vessels; elastic lamellae
  • maintain blood pressure within vessels during diastole
  • eg. aorta, pulmonary, brachiocephalic, subclavian, common carotid & illiac
28
Q

musclar arteries

A
  • they are typically 1cm-0.3 mm and known as distributing arteries; thick muscular wall
  • regulate flow to different regions of the body as needed
  • prominent IEL and thick T.media
  • eg. brachial, radial, ulnar, tibial, femoral arteries
29
Q

arterioles

A
  • small, less than 100 um, 1-3 smooth muscle cells (t. media)
  • regulate blood flow into capillary bed
30
Q

large veins

A
  • large low pressure, thin-walled vessels; return blood to heart
  • adventia is thickest
31
Q

arteriovenous anastomosis

A
  • shunt that regulates blood flow through arteriole and venule to conserve heat
  • ex: fingertips during the winter
32
Q

capillary endothelial cell functions

A
  1. permeability (small/large: intercellular junctions:fenestrae)
  2. activate angiotensin II/inactivate BK, amines, prostaglandin
    1. lipolysis (ectoesterases)
    2. vasoactive factors (ET& NO)
  3. prevent contact between subendothelial CT & platelets (antithrombogenic)
  4. contain Weibel-Palade bodies (VWF)
33
Q

types of capillaries

A
  • continuous
  • fenestrated
  • discontinuous (sinusoids)
34
Q

Tunica Intima

A
  • endothelium (simple squamous epithelium)
    • variable basal lamina
  • subendothelial CT
    • loose CT (type II, IV, & V) & scattered smc
  • Internal Elastic lamina (IEL) (intima from media)

***clinical correlation: atherosclerosis

35
Q

tunica media

A
  • made of smc, functions to reduce caliber or size of lumen
  • elastic & collagen type III fibers, proteoglycan
  • external elastic lamina (separate media from adventitia)
36
Q

Tunica Adventitia

A
  • consists of dense irregular CT (fibroblasts, type 1 collagen)
  • continuous with CT covering
  • contains vaso vasorum: small vessels that supply the wall of large vessels
  • ARTERIES: demarcated by EEL
  • VEINS: most prominent layer
37
Q

atherosclerosis

A
  • fatty streaks and plaques
  • lesions of thickened T. intima
  • proliferation of smc, extracellular CT, & cholesterol in smc and macrophages (foam cells)
38
Q

T. Media of Elastic fibers

A
  • 40-70 layers of elastic sheetes (diagnostic)
    • separated by smc and collagen
  • part that maintains BP within vessel during diastole due to passive constaction of elastic lamellae
39
Q

T. intima of muscular arteries

A
  • have a prominent scalloped IEL (diagnostic)
40
Q

T. media of muscular arteries

A
  • thick, 5-20 layers of smc (diagnostic)
41
Q

what is the order of organization of a microvascular bed?

A
  1. terminal arteriole (many single smc forms T. media)
  2. metarteriole (scattered smc): controles blood flow into true capillaries/opens into true capillaries
  3. central channel: slightly larger than true capillaries
  4. thoroughfare channel: distal end of central channel that lacks smc
  5. venule: where capillaries and central channel drain into
42
Q

arteriovenous anastamosis/shunt

A

alternative channel directly between artierole and venule that bypasses capillaries; conserve heat

43
Q

what is the general structure of a capillary

A
  • simple squamous endotheilum with basal lamina, some areolar CT and no media
  • cells are joint by occludens (tight junctions)
  • 3 classes: continuous, fenestrated, & sinusoid
44
Q

pericytes

A
  • outside of capillaries and venules
  • form a gap junction with the endothelium
  • myoepithelial cells that aid in contraction (blood flow control)
45
Q

small veins

A

thin, irregular walls; no media

46
Q

medium veins

A

poorly defined IEL, no EEL, few smc, valves, and thick adv.

47
Q

varicose veins

A

incompetent venous valve, blood flowing back causes venous congestion

48
Q

large veins

A

large tunica adventitia with longitudinal smc (diagnostic)

49
Q

lymphatic system

A
  • part to of circulatory system, functions in conjunction with the CV system
  • removes, filters, and returns excess interstitial fluid from teh EC space to CV system
50
Q

lymphatic capillaries

A
  • patency maintained by collagenous anchoring filaments
  • contains valves to direct lypmh back to heart
  • lymph filtered in lymph nodes prior to return to blood
51
Q

small and medium lymph vessels

A
  • don’t contain RBC have valves and patency supported by smc and elastic fibers
52
Q
A

Anatomy MSBS (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions