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Anatomy MSBS > Genitourinary System > Flashcards

Genitourinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Urinary system is formed of:

A
  • kidney
  • ureter
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
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2
Q

What are some general features of the kidney?

A
  • left is longer, narrower, higher
  • right is lower because of right lobe of liver
  • anterior surface is convex and irregular
  • posterior surface is flat
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3
Q

Where are kidneys located?

A
  • lie retroperitoneally on posterior abdominal wall (both sides of VC)
  • hypochondrium and lumbar regions
  • anterior-lateral/posterior-medial???
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4
Q

What are the posterior relations of the upper part of the kidneys

A
  • diaphragm and medial and lateral arcuate ligaments
  • costodiaphragmatic recess

-right (12th rib). Left (11th rib)

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5
Q

What are the posterior relations of the lower part of the kidneys?

A
  • psoas, quadratus lamborum, aponeurotic origin of transversus abdomins
  • subcostal nerve, artery
  • iliohypogastic & ilioinguinal nerves

***paranephric fat separates structures

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6
Q

What are the internal structures of the kidney

A
  • cortex (outer) and medulla (inner)
  • medulla made of pyramids, apices open into minor calyces
  • minor calyx–>major calyx–>renal pelvis–> ureter
  • cortex–>renal column
  • cortex+pyramid=renal lobe
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7
Q

Coverings of the kidney

A
  1. Renal capsule
  2. Perinephric fat
  3. Renal fascia
  4. Paranephric fat
  5. Peritoneum
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8
Q

Factors that support the kidneys

A
  • renal fascia
  • perinephric fat
  • renal vessels
  • abdominal viscera
  • **weakness of results in nephroptosis (floating kidney)
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9
Q

Blood supply of the kidneys

A
  • supplied 70% by single renal artery (branch from abdominal aorta)
  • 30% accessory renal artery
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10
Q

Venous drainage of the kidneys

A
  • right kidney: single renal vein–> IVC
  • left kidney: renal vein can be doubled

-(L) renal vein drains: left gonadal vein, left suprarenal vein, sometimes left inferior phrenic vein

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11
Q

General shape of urinary bladder

A

-3 sided pyramid: apex; base (posterior surface), superior surface, two inferolateral surfaces

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12
Q

General location of the bladder

A
  • inside pelvic cavity, most anterior of pelvic viscera
  • lies posteriorly to pubis
  • separated from pubis by fascia (retro-pubic space)
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13
Q

Location of urinary bladder (males)

A

-anterior to rectum, separated by rectovesicle pouch

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14
Q

Location of bladder (female)

A

-anterior to uterus and vagina, separated from by vesico-uterine pouch

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15
Q

Superior surface of the bladder

A
  • superior to pelvic inlet is abdominal cavity/loops of intestine
  • covered by peritoneum
  • peritoneum forms two “paravesical fossae” with upper margin of inferolateral walls
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16
Q

Inferolateral surface of bladder

A
  • related to “levator ani” on both sides (tail-wagging)

- related to “obturator internus” further outside (abduction of thigh)

17
Q

Posterior surface of bladder

A

-females: vagina; males: seminal vesicles & ampulla of the vas deferens

  • ureters open at upper corners, urethra at lower corner
  • **area between ureters and urethra is trigone and has smooth mucosal lining
18
Q

Posterior surface of bladder (men)

A

-sits on top of prostate and lays back on the seminal vesicle and ampulla of vas deferens

19
Q

Posterior surface of the bladder (female)

A

-neck of bladder sits on perineal membrane and lays onto the vagina

20
Q

What are the male genital organs

A
  • prostate
  • seminal vesicle
  • ducks deferens
  • epididymis
  • testis
21
Q

Prostate

A
  • fibromuscular gland contribute to seminal fluids, inverted cone (base on bladder, neck and apex on perineal membrane)
  • 2 lateral lobes, anterior (isthmus), posterior lobe, middle lobe
22
Q

Anatomical relations of prostate

A
  • anteriorly: posterior surface of pubic symphysis, connected by (puboprostatic ligaments)
  • posteriorly: rectal ampullae
  • laterally: levator ani
  • traversed by “prostatic” urethra, ejaculatory ducts
  • **drained by internal iliac lymph nodes
23
Q

Seminal vesicle

A
  • located between posterior surface of bladder and the rectum
  • related laterally to the ureter and ductus deferens
  • contribute 70% of seminal fluids
  • plays a role in sperm maturation, motility, and immunosupression once in female genital tract
24
Q

Course of the ductus deferens

A

-begin: scrotum (lower end of epididymis tail)–> runs in spermatic cord–>passes in inguinal canal to reach pelvic cavity–> runs on lateral wall (pelvic cavity) curves medially and forward to posterior surface on bladder–> unites with seminal vesicle duct–> forms ejaculatory duct which drains seminal fluid into prostatic urethra

25
Q

Testis

A
  • primary male sex organ
  • production of sperm and testosterone
  • lies in scrotum hangs from spermatic cord, anchored inferiorly to scrotal skin by scrotal ligament
  • covered by “tunica albuginea” (fibrous)
26
Q

Anatomical relations of testis

A
  • posteriorly: epididymis, both are covered by visceral layer of “tunica vaginalis”
  • **drained into Para-aortic lymph nodes
27
Q

What are the female genital organs

A
  • uterus
  • ovary
  • vagina
28
Q

Uterus

A
  • thick-walled, muscular, in between rectum and bladder

- covered completely by peritoneum

29
Q

Anatomical relations of the uterus

A
  • anterior surface related to bladder, separated by vesico-uterine pouch
  • anterior round end (fundus)
  • posterior surface related to abdominal cavity, loops of instestine, and rectum
  • separated from rectum by recto-uterine pouch (Douglas Pouch)
  • posterior end (cervix) opens into vagina, crypts surrounding cervix (fornices)
30
Q

Fornicies of the vagina

A
  • “gutters” created by protrusion of cervix (uterus) into vaginal vault
  • forms anterior, posterior, and two lateral fornices
31
Q

Normal attitude of the uterus

A
  • anteverted: uterus and vagina

- anteflexed: uterus and cervix

32
Q

Broad ligament

A

-peritoneal folds of the uterus connecting the lateral wall of the pelvis to the lateral wall of the pelvis

33
Q

Parts of the broad ligament

A
  • mesosalpinx: part of the broad ligament in the vicinity of uterine tube
  • mesovarium: part of broad ligament connecting anterior border of the ovary to broad ligament
  • mesometrium: remaining broad ligament
34
Q

Blood supply of the uterus

A

Supplied by the uterine artery (branch of internal iliac artery)

35
Q

Ovaries

A
  • homologue of testis
  • site of oogenesis and sex hormones
  • mesovarium attaches to anterior edge, ovaries have free posterior edge
  • lie in ovarian fossa on lateral wall of pelvis
36
Q

Blood supply of ovaries

A
  • ovarian artery (branch of abdominal aorta)
  • drains into ovarian vein
  • lymphatic of the ovary into aortic lymph node
37
Q

Male and female urethra

A
  • male is longer
  • male devided into 4 parts:
  • pre-prostatic
  • prostatic
  • membranous
  • penile

Anatomy MSBS (13 decks)

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