Head & Neck Flashcards
Anterior Scalene
O (superior attachment): Anterior tubercle of transverse processes of C3-C6
I: Scalene tubercle and upper surface of 1st rib
A: Unilaterally: With the ribs fixed, side-bend the head and neck to the same side and rotate head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally: Elevation of 1st rib
N: anterior rami C4-C6
Sternocleidomastoid
O: Sternal head – upper part of anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
Clavicular head – superior surface of medial one-third of clavicle
I: Lateral one-half of superior nuchal line and lateral surface of mastoid process
A: Unilaterally: Side-bend the head and neck to same side, Rotate the head and neck to opposite side
Bilaterally: Flex the neck, Assist to elevate the ribcage during inhalation
N: Accessory nerve (CN XI) and branches from anterior rami C2, C3 (C4)
Middle Scalene
O (superior attachment): Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-C7
I: Upper surface of 1st rib posterior to the groove for the subclavian artery
A: Unilaterally: With the ribs fixed, side-bend the head and neck to the same side and rotate head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally: Elevation of 1st rib
N: Anterior rami of C3-C7
Posterior Scalene
O (superior attachment): Posterior tubercle of transverse processes of C4-C6
I: Upper surface of 2nd rib
A: Unilaterally: With the ribs fixed, side-bend the head and neck to the same side and rotate head and neck to the opposite side
Bilaterally: Elevation of 2nd rib
N: Anterior rami of C7-C8
Rectus capitis posterior major
O: spinous process of axis (C2)
I: lateral portion of inferior nuchal line
A: extension of the head; rotate the head to the same side
N: posterior ramus of C1, suboccipital n.
Rectus capitis posterior minor
O: Tubercle of the posterior arch of atlas (C1)
I: medial portion of inferior nuchal line
A: extension of head
N: posterior ramus of C1, suboccipital n.
Obliqus capitis superior
O: transverse process atlas (C1)
I: occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
A: extension of head; side-bend the head to the same side
N: posterior ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)
Obliqus capitis inferior
O: spinous process axis (C2)
I: transverse process atlas (C1)
A: rotation of face head to same side
N: posterior ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)
Masseter
O: zygomatic arch and the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone
I: ramus of mandible & coronoid process
A: superficial fibers: elevation & protrusion of mandible (acting bilaterally); deep fibers: retrusion (acting bilaterally)
N: massetric nerve from the anterior trunk of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve CN V
Temporalis
O: bone of temporal fossa and temporal fascia
I: coronoid process of mandible and anterior margin of ramus of mandible
A: elevation and retrusion of mandible
N: deep temporal nerves from anterior trunk of mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve CN V
Lateral pterygoid
O: Superior Head: Infratemporal surface and crest of greater sphenoid wing
Inferior Head: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
I: Capsule of temporomandibular joint, articular disc, and the pterygoid fossa on the neck of mandible
A: Deviates mandible to opposite side (i.e. contralateral lateral deviation, acting unilaterally), protrusion of the mandible (acting bilaterally), grinding (acting alternately), superior head: during elevation of the mandible it eccentrically contracts to control posterior glide of disc; inferior head: depression
N: Massetric nerve from the anterior trunk of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve CN V
Medial pterygoid
O: Deep head - medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone
Superficial head - tuberosity and pyramidal process of maxilla
I: Medial surface of ramus of mandible, inferior to mandibular foramen
A: Elevation of mandible; deviates mandible to opposite side (i.e. contralateral lateral deviation; acting unilaterally), protrusion of the mandible (acting bilaterally), grinding (acting alternately)
N: Nerve to medial pterygoid from mandibular nerve CN V
Nerve to lateral pterygoid directly from the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve or from the
buccal branch
