Abdominal Flashcards
External oblique
O: Muscular slips from the outer surfaces of the lower eight ribs (5th to 12th ribs)
I: Lateral lip of iliac crest; aponeurosis ending in linea alba
A: Unilaterally: side-bend vertebral column to the same side, rotate vertebral column to opposite side
Bilaterally: Flex the vertebral column and compress abdominal contents
N: Anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7-T12)
Rectus abdominus
O: Pubic crest, pubic tubercle, and pubic symphysis
I: Costal cartilage of 5th to 7th ribs; xiphoid process
A: Compression of abdominal content; flexion of vertebral column; tension of abdominal wall, tilts pelvis posteriorly
N: Anterior rami of lower seven thoracic spinal nerves (T6-T12)
Internal oblique
O: Thoracolumbar fascia; anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest; lateral two-thirds of inguinal ligament
I: Inferior border of the lower three or four ribs; aponeurosis ending in linea alba; pubic crest
A: Unilaterally: side-bend the vertebral column to the same side; Rotate the vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally: Flex the vertebral column; Compress the abdominal contents
N: Anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7-T12), and L1
Transverus abdominis
O: Thoracolumbar fascia; medial lip of iliac crest; lateral one-third of inguinal ligament; costal
cartilage lower six ribs (7th to 12th ribs)
I: Abdominal aponeurosis ending in to linea alba; pubic crest
A: Compression of the abdomen
N: anterior rami of lower six thoracic spinal nerves (T7-T12), and L1
Quadratus lumborum
O: Ileolumbar ligament and posterior iliac crest on the interior side (inferior attachment)
I: Transverse process of 1st to 4th lumbar vertebrae and inferior border of 12th rib (superior attachement)
A: Unilaterally: Laterally tilt (elevate) the pelvis, side-bend the vertebral column to the same side, Assist to extend the vertebral column
Bilaterally: Fix the last rib during forced inhalation and exhalation
N: Anterior rami of T12 and L1 to L4
External intercostal
O: Inferior margin of rib above
I: Superior margin of rib below
A: Most active during inspiration; supports intercostal space, move ribs superiorly
N: Intercostal nerves; T1-T11
Internal intercostal
O: Lateral edge of costal groove of rib above
I: Superior margin of rib below deep to the attachment of the related external intercostal
A: Most active during expiration; supports intercostal space, move ribs inferiorly
N: Intercostal nerves; T1-T11
Transversus thoracis
O: Inferior margins and internal surfaces of costal cartilages of 2nd to 6th ribs
I: Inferior aspect of deep surface of body of sternum, xiphoid process and costal cartilage of 4th to
12th ribs
A: Depress costal cartilages
N: Related intercostal nerves
Levatores costarum
O: Transverse processes of C7 and T1-T11
I: Subjacent ribs between tubercle and angle
A: Elevates ribs
N: Dorsal primary rami of C8-T11
Diaphragm
O: Costal attachment: inner surfaces of the lower six ribs
Lumbar attachment: Upper two or three lumbar vertebrae
Sternal attachment: Inner part of xiphoid process
I: Central tendon of diaphragm
A: Moves the central tendon inferiorly, increasing vertical diameter of thoracic cavity in inspiration
N: Phrenic (C3, C4, ? C5)
