HEAD + NECK

Question 1

What is the origin of the Thyroid + what can be a complication with its migration?

Answer 1

Originates at Thyroid Diverticulum (B/w Ant 2/3 + Post 1/3 of tongue) –> Migrates to Neck

During Migration it form a thyroglossal duct (NORMALLY OBLITERATED)

When not obliterated –> Thyroglossal cyst = site of infection.

Cyst can be seen when sticking tongue out

Question 2

What are the 5 components of Facial development + what do they become?

Answer 2

• Frontonasal Process –> FOREHEAD
• Medial Nasal Process –> Middle Nose
• Lateral Nasal Process –> Ala of Nose (fleshy)
• Maxilary Prominence –> Upper lip and above
• Mandibular Prominence –> Lower jaw

Question 3

How many bones are in the skull?

Answer 3

CRANIAL = 8

FACIAL = 14

Question 4

What is the clinical significance of PTERION?

Answer 4

Where Frontal + Parietal + Sphenoid meet –> Very sensitive spot

Thus susceptible to fractures –> Effect MIDDLE MENINGEAL ARTERY –> EXTRADURAL HAEMATOMA

Question 5

What is an Extradural Haemorrhage?

Answer 5

‘Lemon Shape’
-Between Dura matter + Skull

**Must evacuate blood bc –> increase intracranial pressure –> Compress brain tissue + decrease vascular supply to cerebrum.

Question 6

What is a Subdural Haemorrhage?

Answer 6

‘Banana Shape’
- Between Dura + Arachnoid
- Involves bridging veins in subarach space = entering dura to drain into dural venous sinus

Question 7

What is a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage?

Answer 7

• Within Pia Matter
• Cause THUNDERCLAP HEADACHE = most painful

Question 8

What does nerve and muscle does Arch 1 develop into?

Answer 8

NERVE = Trigeminal

MUSCLE = Mastication muscles (Temporalis, Masseter, Pterygoids)