Head, Face, Neck Flashcards
What are the salivary glands
The parotid gland located in the cheeks over the mandible, anterior to and below the ear. They are the largest of the salivary glands but are not normally palpable
The submandibular glands are beneath the mandible at the angle of the jaw
The sublingual glands, lie in the floor of the mouth
What is the function of the salivary glands
The glands secrete saliva, the clear fluid that moistens and lubricates the food bolus, starts digestion, and cleans and protects the mucosa
Where is the thyroid gland?
It straddles the trachea in the middle of the neck. The gland has 2 lobes, both conical in shape, each curving posteriorly between the trachea and the sternomastoid muscle.
Function of the thyroid gland?
Synthesizes and secretes thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), hormones that stimulate the rate of cellular metabolism.
What is parotid gland enlargement
A rapid painful inflammation of the parotid occurs with mumps. Mumps is a contagious viral infection of the salivary glands preventable by a vaccine.
What does a bruit in the thyroid indicate?
A bruit occurs with accelerated or turbulent blood flow, indicating hyperplasia of the thyroid
What is simple diffuse goiter (SDG)
Endemic goiter, a chronic enlargement of the thyroid gland, is common in wide regions of the world (especially mountainous regions) where the soil is low in iodine. Iodine is an essential element in the formation of thyroid hormones.
What is multi nodular goiter (MNG)
Multiple nodules usually indicate inflammation, or multinodular goiter rather than a neoplasm.
What is single nodule
Painless, rapidly growing nodule. 95% benign. Most common in younger people
Cancerous nodules usually are hard and fixed to surrounding structures.
What is hyperthyroidism?
Graves’ disease
An auto immune disease with increased production of thyroid hormones, causing an increased metabolic rate just like ramping up the furnace.
How is hyperthyroidism manifested
Is manifested by goiter, eyelid retraction, and exophthalmos (bulging eyeballs)
What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
Symptoms include nervousness, fatigue, weight, loss, muscle, cramps, heat intolerance, poor sleep, irritability, anxiety, depression, diarrhea
Signs also include forceful tachycardia, shortness of breath, excessive, sweating, fine muscle tremor, thin silky hair, warm moist skin, infrequent blinking, a staring appearance and hyperreflexia
What is hypothyroidism?
Myxedema
A deficiency of thyroid hormones means that the thyroid furnace is cold. This reduces the metabolic rate, and when severe causes a non-pitting edema.
What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
Fatigue, weight gain, constipation, difficulty thinking, and cold intolerance
Signs include puffy face, especially around eyes, cool dry skin, slowed reflexes, and sometimes slower speech
Where is the preauricular lymph nodes located?
In front of the ear
Where are the posterior auricular lymph nodes located?
Superficial to the mastoid process
Where are the occipital lymph nodes located?
At the base of the skull
Where are the submental lymph nodes located?
Midline, behind the tip of the mandible
Where are the submandibular lymph nodes located?
Halfway between the angle and the tip of the mandible
Where are the jugulodigastric lymph nodes located?
Under the angle of the mandible
Where are the superficial cervical lymph nodes located?
Overlying the sternomastoid muscle
Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes located?
Deep under the sternomastoid muscle
Where are the posterior cervical lymph nodes located?
In the posterior triangle along the edge of the trapezius muscle
Where are the supraclavicular lymph nodes located?
Just above and behind the clavicle, at the sternomastoid muscle
