Eyes Flashcards
What are the cranial nerves affecting the eyes?
Abducens CN VI
Abducts the eye
Innervates lateral rectus muscle
Trochlear CN IV
Down and in movement
Innervates the superior oblique muscle
Oculomotor CN III
Innervates all the rest
Stimulation of CN III constricts the pupils
What is myopia?
Impaired distant vision (when bottom number is larger than top) the larger the number, the worse the vision
What is presbyopia?
Impaired near vision common after age 40 and up
How to use a snellen chart?
Eye level
Client 10 or 20 feet from chart
Exam 1 eye at a time
Leave glasses on
Start with 20/20 line
What does the cover/uncover test assess?
Detects deviation in alignment, or decreased strength in eye muscles by interrupting gaze
What is the normal and abnormal findings for the cover/uncover test?
Normal: both eyes should remain fixed, gazing straight ahead
Abnormal: eye jumps from deviated position to re establish fixation. Eye muscle weakness
What is strabisums?
Abnormal alignment of the eye: eye turns inward, outward, upward, or downward
What is esotropia
Eyes turn inward
What is exotropia?
Eyes turn outward
What is cataracts
Opacity of the lens (blurry)
Risk factors of cataracts
Age
Diabetes
Medications
UV radiation
Smoking
What is age related macular degeneration?
Loss of central vision usually occurs 50 years or older
What is dry AMD
Dry age related macular degeneration is most common about 80-90%
Its when tiny clumps of protein and metabolic end products collect underneath macula
What is wet amd
More serious about 10-20%
Abnormal blood vessels grow under retina
Vessels leak blood or other fluids, scarring macula
Lose vision faster
What is glaucoma?
Loss of peripheral vision
Risk factors for glaucoma
Over 40 YO
Family history
African American/ Hispanic
What is open angle glaucoma
Partial blockage of drainage canal
Patchy blind spots in your side or central vision, frequently in both eyes
Develops over time with slow clogging of drainage canals resulting in increased intraocular pressure
Tunnel vision in the advanced stages
What is acute angle closure glaucoma
Emergency
Sudden blockage of drainage canal
Severe headache, eye pain, nausea and vomiting
Blurred vision
Halos around lights
Red eyes
What happens if glaucoma is left untreated?
It will eventually cause blindness
What is viral conjunctivitis
Usually affects one eye, excessive watering and some discharge. Small amount of crusting on eyelids sometimes occurs.
What is bacterial conjunctivitis?
One eye, but often spreads to both eyes and causes heavy discharge, yellow, or green in color. Often heavy crusting at puncta.
What is allergic conjunctivitis?
Causes itching, redness, excessive, tearing in both eyes, but not a heavy discharge. Nose may be stuffy, itchy, and runny during this time.
What is the iris
Contractile muscular disk containing pigment cells that produce the colour of the eye
Muscles of the iris, changes pupils to dilate and accommodate (with dim light) or constrict (with bright light)
What is the pupil?
Central opening through which light travels to retina
