Breast Flashcards
What are factors that increase risk of breast cancer?
Age over 65
Variations of BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, PALB2
High dose radiation to chest
Postmenapause
Family history
Alcohol
Excess body weight
Tall
Recent hormonal contraceptive use
No full term pregnancy
Never breast fed
What are physical signs of breast cancer?
B- breast mass
R- retraction
E- edema
A- axillary mass
S- scaly nipple
T- tender breasts
lump or mass
-enlarged lymph nodes
-change in breast size/shape
-dimpling or puckering
-scaliness
-nipple changes/discharge
-nipple pulling
How do you do a breast exam?
The best time to perform a BSE is right after the menstrual cycle period (day 4-7 of the cycle), when the breast are smallest and least congested
Lie down, press the three middle fingers in a circular motion and use 3 levels of pressure- follow an up and down pattern
Sit up; examine underarm with arm slightly raised
Note surface changes with hands pushed on hips and shoulders hunched.
What is premature thelarche
Early breast development with no other hormone dependent signs (pubic hair, menses)
What is thelarche?
The beginning of breast development, and it precedes the beginning of menstruation or menarche, by about 2 years
What is tanner staging?
The five stages of breast development follow this classic description of sexual maturity rating, or tanner staging
When does menarche occur?
In tanner stage 3 or 4, usually just after the peak of the adolescent growth spurt around 12 years of age
What is stage 1
Pre-adolescent: there is only a small elevated nipple
What is stage two
Breast bud stage: a small mound of breast and nipple develops; the areola widens
What is stage three
The breast and areola enlarge; the nipple is flush with the breast surface
What is stage four
The areola and nipple form a secondary mound over the breast
What is stage five
Mature breast: only the nipple protrudes; the areola is flush with the breast contour
