Head, Ears, Nose, and Throat

Question 1

what is the purpose of the Weber test?

Answer 1

to assess unilateral hearing loss.

Question 2

what are the two questions you ask the patient during the Weber test?

Answer 2

1. do you hear the sound?

2. do you hear the sound equally in both ears?

Question 3

which ear is the bad ear? Weber lateralizes to the R ear, loss is conductive

Answer 3

R ear

Question 4

which ear is the bad ear? Weber lateralizes to the R ear, loss is sensorineural?

Answer 4

L ear

Question 5

what is an audiogram

Answer 5

recording of pt’s sound, to determine type and degree of hearing loss.

Question 6

sensorineural loss

Answer 6

missing or damaged sensory hair cells in cochlea due to disease/damage to cranial nerve VIII

Question 7

what is the name of cranial never VIII

Answer 7

vestibulocochlear

Question 8

what are some possible causes for sensorineural loss

Answer 8

loud sounds, certain drugs or dieases

Question 9

conductive hearing loss

Answer 9

result of sound not being able to pass to inner ear. either abnormality of external auditory canal OR middle ear.

Question 10

what are some possible causes for conductive hearing loss?

Answer 10

blockage, wax, foreign body, otitis externa/media, fluid accumulation, perforated/damaged TM

Question 11

what would be apparent when inspecting the nose of a patient with rhinitis?

Answer 11

bilateral mucoid or purulent discharge.

Question 12

what type of hearing loss would be caused by otosclerosis?

Answer 12

conductive

Question 13

otosclerosis

Answer 13

bone deposition that causes immobilization of the stapes

Question 14

what distinguishes a tongue with glossitis?

Answer 14

red, smooth, slick appearance

Question 15

what might glossitis indicate?

Answer 15

Vit b12 deficiency

Question 16

name the layers of the poster eye from out to in

Answer 16

sclera, choroid, retina

Question 17

palpebra

Answer 17

eyelid

Question 18

name the structures of the eye from front to back

Answer 18

cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina, choroid, sclera

Question 19

what is the ciliary body?

Answer 19

holds lens in place

Question 20

folds within the nasal cavity

Answer 20

turbinates

Question 21

is the cone of light anterior or posterior when viewing the ear with an otoscope?

Answer 21

anterior

Question 22

how do you open the ear for otoscopy in peds?

Answer 22

down and out

Question 23

how do you open the ear for otoscopy in adults?

Answer 23

out and back

Question 24

what are you testing with the Rinne test?

Answer 24

assessment of patient hearing by bone or air conduction

Question 25

name the 8 lymph node locations to palpate during the HEENT exam.

Answer 25

1. occipital 2. post-auricular 3. pre-auricular 4. tonsillar 5. submandibular 6. submental 7. supra clavicular 8. posterior cervial

Question 26

frontal bossing

Answer 26

protruding, enlarged forehead, may be seen in patients w/ acromegaly

Question 27

hairy tongue

Answer 27

yellow, brown to black, elongated papillae, sometimes seen after antibiotic Tx

Question 28

torus palatinus

Answer 28

bony protuberance of the hard palate, expected variant

Question 29

cauliflower ear

Answer 29

blunt trauma and necrosis of the underlying cartilage

Question 30

nasal polyps

Answer 30

soft, typically painless, benign growths, may indicate long term rhinitis/allergy, large polyps may occlude the nasal cavity causing congestion, anosmia, HA

Question 31

otorrhea

Answer 31

ear discharge, most commonly benign, can result from infection/pathology or middle ear infection/pathology, can also occur following head trauma (medical emergency)

Question 32

retraction/bulging of the TM

Answer 32

often caused by middle ear effusion and middle ear inflammation (AKA acute otitis media)

Question 33

rhinitis/rhinorhhea

Answer 33

inflammation of the notes, bilateral mucoid stuff

Question 34

toticollis

Answer 34

dystonia resulting from the spasmodic contraction of neck muscles, flexed or tilted neck position

Question 35

goiter

Answer 35

thyromegaly, typically due to lack of iodine

Question 36

strawberry tongue

Answer 36

glossitis w/ hyperplastic fungiform papillae, can be associated with b12 deficiency, Kawasaki, toxic shock, scarlet fever, etc.

Question 37

atrophic tonque

Answer 37

non-specific finding, iron or other deficiencies

Question 38

presbycusis

Answer 38

old age hearing, typically bilateral, sensorineural.

Question 39

when would you auscultate the thyroid? what are you listening for?

Answer 39

when you palpate an abnormality, listening for bruits