Head, Ears, Nose, and Throat Flashcards
what is the purpose of the Weber test?
to assess unilateral hearing loss.
what are the two questions you ask the patient during the Weber test?
- do you hear the sound?
2. do you hear the sound equally in both ears?
which ear is the bad ear? Weber lateralizes to the R ear, loss is conductive
R ear
which ear is the bad ear? Weber lateralizes to the R ear, loss is sensorineural?
L ear
what is an audiogram
recording of pt’s sound, to determine type and degree of hearing loss.
sensorineural loss
missing or damaged sensory hair cells in cochlea due to disease/damage to cranial nerve VIII
what is the name of cranial never VIII
vestibulocochlear
what are some possible causes for sensorineural loss
loud sounds, certain drugs or dieases
conductive hearing loss
result of sound not being able to pass to inner ear. either abnormality of external auditory canal OR middle ear.
what are some possible causes for conductive hearing loss?
blockage, wax, foreign body, otitis externa/media, fluid accumulation, perforated/damaged TM
what would be apparent when inspecting the nose of a patient with rhinitis?
bilateral mucoid or purulent discharge.
what type of hearing loss would be caused by otosclerosis?
conductive
otosclerosis
bone deposition that causes immobilization of the stapes
what distinguishes a tongue with glossitis?
red, smooth, slick appearance
what might glossitis indicate?
Vit b12 deficiency
name the layers of the poster eye from out to in
sclera, choroid, retina
palpebra
eyelid
name the structures of the eye from front to back
cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina, choroid, sclera
what is the ciliary body?
holds lens in place
folds within the nasal cavity
turbinates
is the cone of light anterior or posterior when viewing the ear with an otoscope?
anterior
how do you open the ear for otoscopy in peds?
down and out
how do you open the ear for otoscopy in adults?
out and back
what are you testing with the Rinne test?
assessment of patient hearing by bone or air conduction
name the 8 lymph node locations to palpate during the HEENT exam.
- occipital
- post-auricular
- pre-auricular
- tonsillar
- submandibular
- submental
- supra clavicular
- posterior cervial
frontal bossing
protruding, enlarged forehead, may be seen in patients w/ acromegaly
hairy tongue
yellow, brown to black, elongated papillae, sometimes seen after antibiotic Tx
torus palatinus
bony protuberance of the hard palate, expected variant
cauliflower ear
blunt trauma and necrosis of the underlying cartilage
nasal polyps
soft, typically painless, benign growths, may indicate long term rhinitis/allergy, large polyps may occlude the nasal cavity causing congestion, anosmia, HA
otorrhea
ear discharge, most commonly benign, can result from infection/pathology or middle ear infection/pathology, can also occur following head trauma (medical emergency)
retraction/bulging of the TM
often caused by middle ear effusion and middle ear inflammation (AKA acute otitis media)
rhinitis/rhinorhhea
inflammation of the notes, bilateral mucoid stuff
toticollis
dystonia resulting from the spasmodic contraction of neck muscles, flexed or tilted neck position
goiter
thyromegaly, typically due to lack of iodine
strawberry tongue
glossitis w/ hyperplastic fungiform papillae, can be associated with b12 deficiency, Kawasaki, toxic shock, scarlet fever, etc.
atrophic tonque
non-specific finding, iron or other deficiencies
presbycusis
old age hearing, typically bilateral, sensorineural.
when would you auscultate the thyroid? what are you listening for?
when you palpate an abnormality, listening for bruits
