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gen path lec > Head And Neck Pathology > Flashcards

Head And Neck Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Caused by focal demineralization of tooth structure by acidic metabolites of fermenting sugars that are produced by bacteria

A

Caries (tooth decay)

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2
Q

Main cause of tooth loss before age 35

A

Caries (tooth decay)

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3
Q

Inflammation of the oral mucosa surrounding the teeth

A

Gingivitis

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4
Q

It is the result of a poor oral hygiene and leads to the accumulation of dental plaque and calculus

A

Gingivitis

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5
Q

Is a sticky, colorless, biofilm that collects between and on the surface of the teeth

A

Dental plaque

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6
Q

Mixture of dental plaque is composed of?

A

Mixture of bacteria, salivary proteins, and desquamated epithelial cells

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7
Q

Is an inflammatory process that affects the supporting structure of the teeth (PDL) alveolar bone, and cementum

A

Periodontitis

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8
Q

Are common, often recurrent, exceedingly painful, superficial oral mucosal ulceration of unknown etiology

A

Aphthous ulcers (canker sores)

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9
Q

Irritation fibroma, also called traumatic fibroma an focal fibrous hyperplasia

Occurs primarily on the buccal mucosa along the bite line or the gingiva

A

Fibrous proliferative lesions

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10
Q

Where does fibrous proliferative lesion occurs

A

Buccal mucosa along the bite line or the gingiva

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11
Q

inflammatory lesion typically found on the gingiva of children, young adults, and pregnant women (pregnancy tumor)

A

Pyogenic granuloma

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12
Q

Common gingival growth that is most likely reactive in nature rather than neoplastic

A

Peripheral ossifying fibroma

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13
Q

Some of this condition may arise from a longstanding pyogenic granuloma, while others develop de novo from cells of the PDL

A

Peripheral ossifying fibroma

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14
Q

Uncommon lesion of the oral cavity, particularly the gingiva

Represent a reactive/inflammatory, rather than neoplastic process

A

Peripheral gian cell granuloma

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15
Q

Orofacial herpetic infection are caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1 but oral HSV2 infection do occur

A

Herpes simplex virus infection

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16
Q

What causes herpes simplex virus infection

A

Caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1)

But

Genital herpes do occur (HSV2)

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17
Q

Herpes simplex virus typically ovccur in ages between?

A

2 and 4, and are often asymptomatic

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18
Q

The most common fungal infection of the oral cavity

A

Oral candidiasis

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19
Q

The normal component of the oral flora

A

Candida albicans

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20
Q

Three major clinical forms of oral candiiasis

A
  1. Psuedomembranous (aka thruh)
  2. Erythematous
  3. Hyperplastic
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21
Q

Distinctive oral lesion on the lateral border of the tongue that is usually seen in immunocompromised patient and is caused by epstein-barr virus

A

Hairy leukoplakia

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22
Q

Microscopic feature of hairy leukoplakia

A

Hyperparakerasotis and acanthosis with “balloon cells” in the upper spinous layer

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23
Q

Precancerous and cancerous lesions

A

Leukoplakia
Erythroplakia
Squamous cell carcinoma

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24
Q

a white patch or plaque that cannot be scraped off and cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease

A

Leukoplakia

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25
Q

Red, velvety, possibly eroded area within the oral cavity that usually remains level with or may be slightly depressed in relation to the surrounding mucosa

A

Erythroplakia

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26
Q

Approx 95% of cancers of the head and neck are this disease

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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27
Q

Is the pathogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma multifocal?

A

Yep

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28
Q

Approx how many % of squamous cell carcinoma in the oropharynx

A

70%

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29
Q

It is derived from remnants of odontogenic epithelium present within the jaws

A

Odontogenic cysts and tumors

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30
Q

Cyst that originates around the crown of an unerupted tooth and is thought to be the result of fluid accumulating between developing tooth and the dental follicle

A

Dentigerous cyst

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31
Q

A common cyst lesion found at the apex of teeth

A

Periapical cyst

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32
Q

Tumor that is common in male within the posterior mandible

A

Keratocystic odontogenic tumor

33
Q

Most common type of odontogenic tumor; shows extensive deposition of enamel and dentin

A

Odontoma

34
Q

An odontogenic tumor that has no ectomesenchymal differentiation

A

Amelobastoma

35
Q

Often reffered as (common cold)

A

Infectious rhinitis

36
Q

An IgE mediated immune reaction with an early and late phase response

A

Allergic rhinitis

37
Q

Sequel to repeated attacks of acute rhinitis, either microbial or allergic in origin, with the eventual development of superimposed bacterial infection

A

Chronic rhinitis

38
Q

Most commonly preceded by acute or chronic rhinitis, but maxillary sinusitis occasionally arises by extension of a periapical infection through the bony floor of the sinus

A

Sinusitis

39
Q

Recurrent attacks of rhinitis may eventually lead to focal protrusion of the mucosa

A

Nasal polyps

40
Q

Frequent features of viral upper respiratory infections

A

Pharyngitis and tonsilitis

41
Q

Common microbe in pharyngitis and tonsilitis

A

B-hemolytic streptococci

42
Q

Benign, highly vascular tumor that occur almost exclusively in adolescent males who are often fairskined and read headed

A

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

43
Q

Benign neoplasm arising from the respiratory or schneiderian mucosa lining that nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

A

Sinonasal (schneiderain) papilloma

44
Q

Arise from the neuroectodermal olfactory cells present within th mucosa, particularly in the superior aspect of the nasal cavity

A

Olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma)

45
Q

Uncommon tumor that may occur in the nasopharynx, the salivary gland, or in other midline structure in the thorax or abdomen

A

NUT midline carcinoma

46
Q

Characterized by a distinctive geographic distribution, a close anatomic relationship to lymphoid tissue, and an associated with EBV infections

A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

47
Q

Called polyps, sometimes develop on the vocal cords, most often in heavy smokers or in individual who impose great stain of their vocal cords (singer’s nodules)

A

Reactive nodules

48
Q

Singers nodules are __ lesions
And
Polys are _ lesion

A

Bilateral
Unilateral

49
Q

Benign neoplasm, usually located on the true vocal cords, that form soft, raspberry-like proliferations rarely more than 1cm in diameter

A

Squamous papilloma and papillomatosis

50
Q

Referred to as juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis

A

Papillomas

51
Q

3 pathology in ears

A

Otitis media
Cholesteatomas
Otosclerosis

52
Q

Occurs mainly in infants and children. It has both acute and chronic disease

In acute it is caused by infections such as: streptococcus pneumonia

Chronic infections: pseudomonasaeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus

A

Otitis media, acute or chronic

53
Q

Associated with otitis media, are non-neoplastic cystic lesion 1 to 4 cm in diameter, lined by keratinizing squamous epithelium or metaplastic mucus-secreting epithelium, and filled with amorphus debris

A

Cholesteatomas

54
Q

Abnormal bone depositio in te middle ear about the rim of the oval window into which the footplate of the stapes fits

Associated with hearing loss, caused by the abnormal deposition of bone in the middle ear

A

Otosclerosis

55
Q

2 neck lesions

A

Branchial cyst (cervical lymphoepithelial cyst)

Thyroglossal duct cyst

56
Q

Arise from remnant of the second branchial arch and are most commonly observed in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40

A

Branchial cyst

57
Q

remnants of thyroid gland development may persist, producing cysts, 1 to 4 cm in diameter

A

Thyroglossal duct cyst

58
Q

5 salivary glands diseases

A

S W A M P
Sialadenitis
Pleomorphic adenoma
Warthin tumor
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Adenoid cystic carcinoma

59
Q

Most common form of viral sialadenitis is?

A

Mumps

60
Q

The most common type of inflammatory salivary gland lesion

A

Mucoceles

61
Q

May be induced by trauma, viral or bacterial infetion or autoimmune disease in the salivary gland

A

Sialadenitis

62
Q

A benign tumor that consists of a mixture of ductal and myoepithelial cells, they show both mesenchymal and epithelial differentiation

A

Pleomorphic adenoma

63
Q

How many % of tumor in parotid in pleomorphic adenoma

A

60% parotid
Less in submandibular
Rare in minor salivary glands

64
Q

Second most common salivary gland neoplasm

More common in male

Smokers are 8 times more at risk

A

Warthin tumor

65
Q

Composed of squamous cell, mucus secreting cells and intermediate cells

15% of all salivary gland tumors, they occur mainly (60% to 70%) in the parotids

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

66
Q

Relatively incommon tumor tat approx 50% of cases is found in the minor salivary glands

Th parotid and submandibular glands are most common

A

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

67
Q

Examples of viruses in infectious rhinitis

A

Adenovirus
Echoviruses
Rhinoviruses

68
Q

Viral reactivation of herpes simplex virus infection

A

Recurrent herpetic stomatitis

69
Q

Pathogenesis of SCC

A

NA and EU: smoked tobacco and alcohol
India and Asia: chewing of betel quid and paan
Pipe smoking (lower lip)

70
Q

particularly what type of HPV variant is involved in SCC in the oropharynx?

A

HPV-16

71
Q

Favored locations of the SCC in oropharynx

A

Ventral surface of the tongue
Floor of the mouth
Lower lip
Soft palate
Gingiva

72
Q

What histologic classification is dentigerous cyst?

A

Developmental cyst

73
Q

What type of histologic classification is odontogenic keratocyst

A

Developmental cyst

74
Q

What histologic classification is periapical cyst?

A

Inflammatory cyst

75
Q

3 inflammatory of odontogenic cysts

A

Periapical cyst
Residual cyst
Paradental cyst

76
Q

Give at least 3-4 developmental odontogenic cyst

A

(D O G G E) LGC
Dentigerous cyst
Odontogenic keratocyst
Gingival cyst of newborn
Gingival cyst of adult
Eruption cyst
Lateral periodontal cyst
Glandular odontogenic cyst
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic cyst

77
Q

Most common form of sinonasal papilloma

A

Exophytic HPV 6 and 11

78
Q

The only tumor virtually restricted to the parotid

A

Warthin tumor

gen path lec (7 decks)

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