Head and Neck Part 5 (The Senses)

Question 1

List four factors that are necessary for us to perceive a sensation

Answer 1

Stimulus
Receptor
Condcuction of nerve impulse
interpretation of the impulse
.
.

Question 2

What are structures that detect stimuli?

Answer 2

Receptors

Question 3

Based on the origin of the stimulus, what type of receptor detect?

Answer 3

Exteroceptor

Question 4

based on the origin of the stimulus, what type of receptor detects stimuli from the internal environment?

Answer 4

Interoceptor

Question 5

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor detects specific molecules?

Answer 5

Chemoreceptor

Question 6

Based on the modality of the stimulus what type of receptor responds to changes in temperature?

Answer 6

Thermoreceptor

Question 7

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to light?

Answer 7

Photoreceptor

Question 8

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to touch, pressure, vibration, or stretch?

Answer 8

Mechanoreceptor

Question 9

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to changes in pressure within body structures?

Answer 9

Baroreceptor

Question 10

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to pain?

Answer 10

Nociceptor

Question 11

What is gustation?

Answer 11

The sense of taste

Question 12

What are gustatory receptors?

Answer 12

Taste buds

Question 13

What cranial nerves carry impulses from taste buds?

Answer 13

Facial nerve (CN VII)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Question 14

What cranial nerve carries impulses from olfactory receptors?

Answer 14

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

Question 15

What layer of specialized stratified squamous epithelium forms a continuous lining of both the external, anterior surface of the eye and the internal surface of the eyelid?

Answer 15

Conjunctiva

Question 16

Conjuctivitis

Answer 16

Pink eye
The conjunctiva becomes inflamed or infected (usually bacteria)
Highly contagious
highly annoying

Question 17

What are the slightly curved rows of thick, short hairs at the superior edges of the orbits along the orbital ridges?

Answer 17

Eyebrows

Question 18

What structures extend from the margins of the eyelids and prevent large foreign objects from coming into contact with the anterior surface of the eye?

Answer 18

Eyelashes

Question 19

What is the fibrous core of the eyelids?

Answer 19

Tarsal plate

Question 20

What are the sebaceous glands within the eyelids?

Answer 20

Tarsal glands (meibomian glands)

Question 21

What are the small, reddish bodies at the medial commissure of each eye?

Answer 21

Lacrimal caruncle

Question 22

What glands lie within the lacrimal caruncle?

Answer 22

Ciliary glands

Question 23

What structures produce tears?

Answer 23

Lacrimal glands

Question 24

What openings drain tears from the eye into the nose?

Answer 24

Lacrimal puncta

Question 25

What structure drains tears from the lacrimal puncta?

Answer 25

Lacrimal canaliculus

Question 26

What is the external layer of the eyeball?

Answer 26

Fibrous tunic

Question 27

What is the avascular, transparent, anterior portion of the fibrous tunic of the eye?

Answer 27

Cornea

Question 28

What is the white of the eye?

Answer 28

Sclera

Question 29

What is the middle layer of the eye wall?

Answer 29

Vascular tunic

Question 30

What region of the vascular tunic is posterior and is the most extensive and houses a vast network of capillaries to supply the retina?

Answer 30

Choroid

Question 31

What portion of the vascular tunic of the eye is a muscular ring that works to focus images on the retina?

Answer 31

Ciliary body

Question 32

What portion of the vascular tunic of the eye is the most anterior and is what we commonly refer to when we speak of the color of the eye?

Answer 32

Iris

Question 33

What is the opening within the iris?

Answer 33

Pupil

Question 34

What layer of the eye contains photoreceptors?

Answer 34

Neural tunic or retina

Question 35

What posterior portion of the eye do neurons extend through and form a round structure frequently referred to as the blind spot?

Answer 35

Optic disc

Question 36

What rounded, yellowish region has a concentration of cones and lies lateral to the optic disc?

Answer 36

Macula lutea

Question 37

What is the area of sharpest vision on the retina?

Answer 37

Fovea centralis

Question 38

What is the strong, deformable, transparent structure of the eye that focuses images on the retina?

Answer 38

lens

Question 39

What dense elastic structure bounds the lens of the eye?

Answer 39

Lens capusle

Question 40

What structures attach to the lens capsule at its periphery where they transmit tension to change the shape of the lens?

Answer 40

Suspensory ligaments

Question 41

What structure of the eye changes the shape of the lens?

Answer 41

Ciliary muscle

Question 42

The lens divides the interior of the eye into two spaces. What are these?

Answer 42

Anterior and posterior cavities

Question 43

The iris divides the anterior cavity of the eye into two spaces. What are they?

Answer 43

Anterior and posterior chambers

Question 44

What fluid lies between the lens and the cornea of the eye?

Answer 44

Aqueous humor

Question 45

What structure forms aqueous humor?

Answer 45

Epithelium of the ciliary body

Question 46

What structure reabsorbs aqueous humor?

Answer 46

Scleral venous sinus (canal of schlemm)

Question 47

What gelatinous matter fills the posterior cavity of the eye?

Answer 47

Vitreous humor

Question 48

List the extrinsic muscles of the eye

Answer 48

Know your directions Add the terms rectus and oblique -Superior, inferior, medial, and lateral recuts ---actions are in the names superior rectus move the eye -Superior and inferior oblique ---these ones are counter intuitive the superior moves the eye inferior and laterally the inferior moves the eye superior and medially

Question 49

What are the three anatomic regions of the ear?

Answer 49

External (outer) ear middle ear inner ear

Question 50

What is the skin-covered elastic cartilage supported projecting portion of the external ear?

Answer 50

Auricle or pinna

Question 51

What is the bony tube within the skull that carries sound waves from the pinna to the tympanic membrane (eardrum)?

Answer 51

External acoustic meatus

Question 52

What is the structure made of soft tissue and cartilage lining the external auditory meatus?

Answer 52

External auditory canal

Question 53

What is the delicate, funnel-shaped epithelial sheet that is the partition between the external and middle ear?

Answer 53

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Question 54

What glands lie within the external auditory canal?

Answer 54

Cerumious glands

Question 55

What space lies within the middle ear?

Answer 55

Tympanic cavity (middle ear cavity)

Question 56

What portion of the middle ear cavity communicates with the air cells within the mastoid portion of the temporal bone?

Answer 56

epitympanic recess

Question 57

What structure communicates the middle ear cavity with the atmosphere and thus allow the pressure of the middle ear cavity to equal that of the atmosphere and the outer ear?

Answer 57

Auditory (eustachian) tube

Question 58

The auditory tube connects the middle ear cavity with what other anatomical structure?

Answer 58

Nasopharynx

Question 59

Collectively what are the three small bones of the middle ear called?

Answer 59

Auditory ossicles

Question 60

What small bone is attached to the deep surface of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 60

Malleus

Question 61

Which of the three ear ossicles lies between the other two?

Answer 61

Incus

Question 62

What small bone is attached to the oval window?

Answer 62

Stapes

Question 63

What are the bones spaces of cavities of the inner ear?

Answer 63

Bony labyrinth

Question 64

What are the fluid-filled tubes of the inner ear?

Answer 64

Membranous labyrinth

Question 65

What portion of the inner ear lies between the cochlea and the semicircular canals?

Answer 65

Vestibule

Question 66

What are the three half-circle-shaped structures of the inner ear?

Answer 66

Semicircular canals

Question 67

What is the snail-shaped portion of the inner ear?

Answer 67

Cochlea