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Unit 5: Head and Neck > Head and Neck Part 5 (The Senses) > Flashcards

Head and Neck Part 5 (The Senses) Flashcards

the senses

1
Q

List four factors that are necessary for us to perceive a sensation

A

Stimulus
Receptor
Condcuction of nerve impulse
interpretation of the impulse
.
.

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2
Q

What are structures that detect stimuli?

A

Receptors

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3
Q

Based on the origin of the stimulus, what type of receptor detect?

A

Exteroceptor

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4
Q

based on the origin of the stimulus, what type of receptor detects stimuli from the internal environment?

A

Interoceptor

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5
Q

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor detects specific molecules?

A

Chemoreceptor

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6
Q

Based on the modality of the stimulus what type of receptor responds to changes in temperature?

A

Thermoreceptor

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7
Q

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to light?

A

Photoreceptor

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8
Q

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to touch, pressure, vibration, or stretch?

A

Mechanoreceptor

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9
Q

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to changes in pressure within body structures?

A

Baroreceptor

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10
Q

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to pain?

A

Nociceptor

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11
Q

What is gustation?

A

The sense of taste

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12
Q

What are gustatory receptors?

A

Taste buds

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13
Q

What cranial nerves carry impulses from taste buds?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

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14
Q

What cranial nerve carries impulses from olfactory receptors?

A

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

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15
Q

What layer of specialized stratified squamous epithelium forms a continuous lining of both the external, anterior surface of the eye and the internal surface of the eyelid?

A

Conjunctiva

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16
Q

Conjuctivitis

A

Pink eye
The conjunctiva becomes inflamed or infected (usually bacteria)
Highly contagious
highly annoying

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17
Q

What are the slightly curved rows of thick, short hairs at the superior edges of the orbits along the orbital ridges?

A

Eyebrows

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18
Q

What structures extend from the margins of the eyelids and prevent large foreign objects from coming into contact with the anterior surface of the eye?

A

Eyelashes

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19
Q

What is the fibrous core of the eyelids?

A

Tarsal plate

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20
Q

What are the sebaceous glands within the eyelids?

A

Tarsal glands (meibomian glands)

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21
Q

What are the small, reddish bodies at the medial commissure of each eye?

A

Lacrimal caruncle

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22
Q

What glands lie within the lacrimal caruncle?

A

Ciliary glands

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23
Q

What structures produce tears?

A

Lacrimal glands

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24
Q

What openings drain tears from the eye into the nose?

A

Lacrimal puncta

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25
Q

What structure drains tears from the lacrimal puncta?

A

Lacrimal canaliculus

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26
Q

What is the external layer of the eyeball?

A

Fibrous tunic

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27
Q

What is the avascular, transparent, anterior portion of the fibrous tunic of the eye?

A

Cornea

28
Q

What is the white of the eye?

A

Sclera

29
Q

What is the middle layer of the eye wall?

A

Vascular tunic

30
Q

What region of the vascular tunic is posterior and is the most extensive and houses a vast network of capillaries to supply the retina?

A

Choroid

31
Q

What portion of the vascular tunic of the eye is a muscular ring that works to focus images on the retina?

A

Ciliary body

32
Q

What portion of the vascular tunic of the eye is the most anterior and is what we commonly refer to when we speak of the color of the eye?

A

Iris

33
Q

What is the opening within the iris?

A

Pupil

34
Q

What layer of the eye contains photoreceptors?

A

Neural tunic or retina

35
Q

What posterior portion of the eye do neurons extend through and form a round structure frequently referred to as the blind spot?

A

Optic disc

36
Q

What rounded, yellowish region has a concentration of cones and lies lateral to the optic disc?

A

Macula lutea

37
Q

What is the area of sharpest vision on the retina?

A

Fovea centralis

38
Q

What is the strong, deformable, transparent structure of the eye that focuses images on the retina?

A

lens

39
Q

What dense elastic structure bounds the lens of the eye?

A

Lens capusle

40
Q

What structures attach to the lens capsule at its periphery where they transmit tension to change the shape of the lens?

A

Suspensory ligaments

41
Q

What structure of the eye changes the shape of the lens?

A

Ciliary muscle

42
Q

The lens divides the interior of the eye into two spaces. What are these?

A

Anterior and posterior cavities

43
Q

The iris divides the anterior cavity of the eye into two spaces. What are they?

A

Anterior and posterior chambers

44
Q

What fluid lies between the lens and the cornea of the eye?

A

Aqueous humor

45
Q

What structure forms aqueous humor?

A

Epithelium of the ciliary body

46
Q

What structure reabsorbs aqueous humor?

A

Scleral venous sinus (canal of schlemm)

47
Q

What gelatinous matter fills the posterior cavity of the eye?

A

Vitreous humor

48
Q

List the extrinsic muscles of the eye

A

Know your directions
Add the terms rectus and oblique
-Superior, inferior, medial, and lateral recuts
—actions are in the names superior rectus move the eye
-Superior and inferior oblique
—these ones are counter intuitive the superior moves the eye inferior and laterally the inferior moves the eye superior and medially

49
Q

What are the three anatomic regions of the ear?

A

External (outer) ear
middle ear
inner ear

50
Q

What is the skin-covered elastic cartilage supported projecting portion of the external ear?

A

Auricle or pinna

51
Q

What is the bony tube within the skull that carries sound waves from the pinna to the tympanic membrane (eardrum)?

A

External acoustic meatus

52
Q

What is the structure made of soft tissue and cartilage lining the external auditory meatus?

A

External auditory canal

53
Q

What is the delicate, funnel-shaped epithelial sheet that is the partition between the external and middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

54
Q

What glands lie within the external auditory canal?

A

Cerumious glands

55
Q

What space lies within the middle ear?

A

Tympanic cavity (middle ear cavity)

56
Q

What portion of the middle ear cavity communicates with the air cells within the mastoid portion of the temporal bone?

A

epitympanic recess

57
Q

What structure communicates the middle ear cavity with the atmosphere and thus allow the pressure of the middle ear cavity to equal that of the atmosphere and the outer ear?

A

Auditory (eustachian) tube

58
Q

The auditory tube connects the middle ear cavity with what other anatomical structure?

A

Nasopharynx

59
Q

Collectively what are the three small bones of the middle ear called?

A

Auditory ossicles

60
Q

What small bone is attached to the deep surface of the tympanic membrane?

A

Malleus

61
Q

Which of the three ear ossicles lies between the other two?

A

Incus

62
Q

What small bone is attached to the oval window?

A

Stapes

63
Q

What are the bones spaces of cavities of the inner ear?

A

Bony labyrinth

64
Q

What are the fluid-filled tubes of the inner ear?

A

Membranous labyrinth

65
Q

What portion of the inner ear lies between the cochlea and the semicircular canals?

A

Vestibule

66
Q

What are the three half-circle-shaped structures of the inner ear?

A

Semicircular canals

67
Q

What is the snail-shaped portion of the inner ear?

A

Cochlea

Unit 5: Head and Neck (6 decks)

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