Head and Neck Part 1 (The Skull) Flashcards
The Head and Neck Part 1 The skull
1
Q
What. are the two main divisions of the skeleton?
A
Axial skeleton (80)
Appendicular skeleton (126)
2
Q
What are the two main divisions of the skull?
A
Cranium’
face
3
Q
What cavity within the cranium holds the brain?
A
Cranial cavity
4
Q
What bones make up the cranial cavity?
A
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
occipital
sphenoid
ethmoid
5
Q
What is a synonym for “skullcap”?
A
Calvaria
6
Q
What bone forms part if the calvaria, the forehead, and the roof of the orbits?
A
Frontal bone
7
Q
What part of the skull do the parietal bones form?
A
Lateral walls and roof
8
Q
What part of the skull do the temporal bones form?
A
Inferior lateral walls
Part of the floor of the cranium
9
Q
What bone forms the posterior portion of the skull and the base of the cranium?
A
Occipital bone
10
Q
What bone of the skull has a butterfly-shape and unites the cranial and facial bones?
A
Sphenoid bone
11
Q
What bone of the skull lies between the orbits and forms the anteromedial floor of the cranium?
A
Ethmoid bone
12
Q
What are sutures?
A
Fibrous articulations between bones of the skull
13
Q
What articulation between three of these bones occurs anteriorly in a frontal plane?
A
Coronal suture
14
Q
What articulation can be seen running along the midline in this view?
A
Sagittal suture
15
Q
What suture lies between the parietal bone and temporal bone on each side?
A
Squamosal suture
16
Q
What suture appears on the posterior aspect of the skull between the parietal and occipital bones?
A
Lambdoidal (lambdoid) suture
17
Q
What bones occasionally appear within the sutures of the skull?
A
Sutural bones
18
Q
What cavities hold the eyeballs?
A
Orbits
19
Q
What two large openings lie within these cavities?
eyes
A
Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure
20
Q
Within what cavity of the skull does air (usually) pass through on its way to the lungs?
A
Nasal septum
21
Q
What structure divides it into right and left halves?
nose
A
Nasal septum
22
Q
What scroll-shaped bones are visible on the inferior lateral walls of this cavity?
nose
A
Nasal conchae (turbinate bones)
23
Q
What is a synonym for the brow ridges?
A
Superciliary arches
24
Q
What cavities lie within the frontal bone?
A
Frontal sinus
25
What part of the temporal bone holds the middle and inner ear?
Petrous region
26
What opening occurs here for blood vessels and nerves?
| ear
Internal acoustic meatus
27
What is the posterior region of the temporal bone?
Mastoid region
28
What prominence in this region that lies posterior to the ear, serves as the insertion for the sternocleidomastoid, and contains air cells?
Mastoid process
29
What region of the temporal bone surrounds the bony, external opening of the ear?
Tympanic region
30
What thin point of bone here serves as an attachment for several hyoid and tongue muscles?
Styloid process
31
What opening does the facial nerve pass through on the inferior surface of the skull?
Stylomastoid foramen
32
What opening does the internal carotid artery pass through here?
Carotid canal
33
What region of the temporal bone forms the superior, lateral, flat area of the bone?
Squamous region
34
What bony process projects anteriorly form the temporal bone toward the zygomatic bone?
Zygomatic process
35
What shallow depression appears on the inferior aspect of the temporal bone and forms the articulation with the mandible?
Mandibular fossa
36
What is the opening for the ear?
External auditory (acoustic) canal (meatus)
37
What is the flat, posterior region of the occipital bone?
Squamous part
38
What region of the occipital bone forms the base of the cranium?
Basilar region
39
What is the large, circular opening for the spinal cord?
Foramen magnum
40
What are the smooth, rounded projections on the left and right sides of this large opening?
Occipital condyles
41
What is the opening for cranial nerve XII?
Hypoglossal canal
42
What bony prominence can be easily palpated on the midline of the occipital bone?
External occipital protuberance (EOP)
43
What bony prominence can be found on the internal aspect of the posterior occipital bone?
Internal occipital protuberance
44
What superior, horizontal line projects laterally form the external occipital protuberance?
Superior nuchal line
45
What is the thick, medial part of the sphenoid?
Body
46
What cavities lie within the sphenoid?
Sphenoidal sinuses
47
What projections of the sphenoid lie superior to the superior orbital fissure?
Lesser wings
48
What projections of the sphenoid lie inferior to the superior orbital fissure and can be seen in a lateral view of the skull?
Greater wings
49
Within the sphenoid what is the depression holding the pituitary gland?
Hypophyseal or pituitary fossa
50
What is the bony enclosure of this depression?
Sella turcica
(turkish saddle)
51
Through what opening of the sphenoid does the optic nerve pass?
Optic foramen (canal)
52
What three foramina penetrate the greater wings of the sphenoid?
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
53
What projections of the sphenoid provide attachment surfaces for some muscles that move the lower jaw and soft palate?
Medial and lateral pterygoid plates
54
What is the superior, midsagittal elevation of the ethmoid?
Crista galli
55
What horizontal structure of the ethmoid separates the cranial and nasal cavities?
Cribriform plate
56
Through what openings do the olfactory nerves pass?
Cribriform foramina
57
What are these cavities?
| ethmoid
Ethmoidal sinuses
58
What parts of the ethmoid hold the cavities?
Lateral masses
59
What part of the ethmoid forms the medial wall of the orbits?
Orbital plate
60
What scroll-like extensions of the ethmoid project medially into the nasal cavity?
Superior and middle nasal conchae
61
List the three cranial fossae.
Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
62
Bones of the face
Zygomatic
lacrimal
nasal
maxilla
vomer
palatine
mandible
63
What is a synonym for the zygomatic bones?
Cheekbones
64
What bony projections of the zygomatic bones contribute to the zygomatic arches?
Temporal processes
65
What other two processes articulate the zygomatic bone with surrounding bones?
Maxillary process
Frontal process
66
What bone forms the anterior, medial orbital wall?
Lacrimal bones
67
What depression in the lacrimal bone holds the lacrimal sac?
Lacrimal groove (fossa)
68
What is the tube that transports tears from the eye into the nasal cavity?
nasolacrimal duct
69
What bony enclosure surrounding the naslacrimal duct?
Nasolacrimal canal
70
What bones of the face form the bridge of the nose?
Nasal bones
71
What facial bone articulates with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid to form the nasal septum?
Vomer
72
What is the scroll-shaped bone of the inferior, lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
Inferior nasal concha
73
List the three nasal conchae found on each side of the nasal cavity?
Superior
middle
inferior
74
What is a synonym for the nasal conchae?
Turbinate bones
75
What L-shaped bones of the face form the posterior third of the hard palate, the posterior, lateral portion of the nasal cavity, and a portion of the orbit?
Palatine bones
76
What portion of the palatines forms the posterior third of the hard palette?
Horizontal plate
77
What part of the palatine forms the posterior, lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
Perpendicular plate
78
What part of the palatine forms a small part of the floor of the orbit?
Orbital process
79
What bone holds the upper teeth and forms the anterior two thirds of the hard palate and the floor of the orbit?
Maxilla
80
What part of the maxilla forms the floor of the orbit?
Orbital surface
81
What opening within the maxilla do the infraorbital artery and nerve pass through?
Infraorbital foramen
82
What part of the maxilla holds the upper teeth?
Alveolar process
83
What part of the maxilla forms the anterior two thirds of the hard palette?
Palatine process
84
What large cavity lies within this bones? (maxilla)
Maxillary sinus
85
What is the only bone of the lower jaw?
Mandible
86
What is the horizontal portion of the mandible?
body
87
What are the ascending, posterior regions of the mandible?
Rami
88
What part of the mandible holds the lower teeth?
Alveolar process
89
What are the two corners of the mandible?
Angle of the mandible
90
What opening lies on the anterolateral surface of the body of the mandible?
mental foramen
91
What opening within the mandible lies on the posterior, medial side?
mandibular foramen
92
What process of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone?
Condylar (condyloid) process
93
What is the smooth, round portion of this process?
| condylar
Mandibular condyle
94
What is the joint between the mandible and the temporal bone?
Temporomandibular joint
95
What is the prominent projection of the mandible does the temporalis insert on?
Coronoid process
96
What feature appears between the condylar and coronoid processes?
Mandibular notch
97
What bones make up the roof of the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid- cribriform plate
Frontal bone
Sphenoid bone
98
What bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity?
Maxilla - palatine process
palatine- horizontal plate
99
What bones form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid bones
maxillae
inferior nasal conchae
palatine bones
lacrimal bones
100
List the groups of paranasal sinuses.
ethmoidal sinuses
frontal sinus
maxillary sinuses
sphenoidal sinuses
101
List the bones that form the orbit.
Frontal bone
Zygomatic bone
maxilla
lacrimal bone
ethmoid
palatine
sphenoid
102
What is the anatomical term for the softspots in a baby's skull?
Fontanels
103
What is their function? (fontanels)
Facilitates birth
allows for growth
104
List the four different fontanels.
Anterior fontanel
posterior fontanel
Sphenoid (anterolateral) fontanel
Mastoid (posterolateral) fontanel
105
What fontanel is found on the anterior portion of the midline on the superior aspect of the skull?
Anterior fontanel
106
What fontanel is found on the posterior portion of the midline on the superior aspect of the skull?
Posterior fontanel
107
What fontanel is found on the anterior, lateral aspect of the skull?
Sphenoid (anterolateral) fontanel
108
What fontanel is found on the posterior, lateral aspect of the skull?
Mastoid (posterolateral) fontanel
