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Unit 5: Head and Neck > Head and Neck Part 1 (The Skull) > Flashcards

Head and Neck Part 1 (The Skull) Flashcards

The Head and Neck Part 1 The skull

1
Q

What. are the two main divisions of the skeleton?

A

Axial skeleton (80)
Appendicular skeleton (126)

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2
Q

What are the two main divisions of the skull?

A

Cranium’
face

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3
Q

What cavity within the cranium holds the brain?

A

Cranial cavity

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4
Q

What bones make up the cranial cavity?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
occipital
sphenoid
ethmoid

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5
Q

What is a synonym for “skullcap”?

A

Calvaria

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6
Q

What bone forms part if the calvaria, the forehead, and the roof of the orbits?

A

Frontal bone

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7
Q

What part of the skull do the parietal bones form?

A

Lateral walls and roof

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8
Q

What part of the skull do the temporal bones form?

A

Inferior lateral walls
Part of the floor of the cranium

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9
Q

What bone forms the posterior portion of the skull and the base of the cranium?

A

Occipital bone

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10
Q

What bone of the skull has a butterfly-shape and unites the cranial and facial bones?

A

Sphenoid bone

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11
Q

What bone of the skull lies between the orbits and forms the anteromedial floor of the cranium?

A

Ethmoid bone

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12
Q

What are sutures?

A

Fibrous articulations between bones of the skull

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13
Q

What articulation between three of these bones occurs anteriorly in a frontal plane?

A

Coronal suture

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14
Q

What articulation can be seen running along the midline in this view?

A

Sagittal suture

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15
Q

What suture lies between the parietal bone and temporal bone on each side?

A

Squamosal suture

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16
Q

What suture appears on the posterior aspect of the skull between the parietal and occipital bones?

A

Lambdoidal (lambdoid) suture

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17
Q

What bones occasionally appear within the sutures of the skull?

A

Sutural bones

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18
Q

What cavities hold the eyeballs?

A

Orbits

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19
Q

What two large openings lie within these cavities?

eyes

A

Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure

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20
Q

Within what cavity of the skull does air (usually) pass through on its way to the lungs?

A

Nasal septum

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21
Q

What structure divides it into right and left halves?

nose

A

Nasal septum

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22
Q

What scroll-shaped bones are visible on the inferior lateral walls of this cavity?

nose

A

Nasal conchae (turbinate bones)

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23
Q

What is a synonym for the brow ridges?

A

Superciliary arches

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24
Q

What cavities lie within the frontal bone?

A

Frontal sinus

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25
Q

What part of the temporal bone holds the middle and inner ear?

A

Petrous region

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26
Q

What opening occurs here for blood vessels and nerves?

ear

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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27
Q

What is the posterior region of the temporal bone?

A

Mastoid region

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28
Q

What prominence in this region that lies posterior to the ear, serves as the insertion for the sternocleidomastoid, and contains air cells?

A

Mastoid process

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29
Q

What region of the temporal bone surrounds the bony, external opening of the ear?

A

Tympanic region

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30
Q

What thin point of bone here serves as an attachment for several hyoid and tongue muscles?

A

Styloid process

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31
Q

What opening does the facial nerve pass through on the inferior surface of the skull?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

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32
Q

What opening does the internal carotid artery pass through here?

A

Carotid canal

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33
Q

What region of the temporal bone forms the superior, lateral, flat area of the bone?

A

Squamous region

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34
Q

What bony process projects anteriorly form the temporal bone toward the zygomatic bone?

A

Zygomatic process

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35
Q

What shallow depression appears on the inferior aspect of the temporal bone and forms the articulation with the mandible?

A

Mandibular fossa

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36
Q

What is the opening for the ear?

A

External auditory (acoustic) canal (meatus)

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37
Q

What is the flat, posterior region of the occipital bone?

A

Squamous part

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38
Q

What region of the occipital bone forms the base of the cranium?

A

Basilar region

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39
Q

What is the large, circular opening for the spinal cord?

A

Foramen magnum

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40
Q

What are the smooth, rounded projections on the left and right sides of this large opening?

A

Occipital condyles

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41
Q

What is the opening for cranial nerve XII?

A

Hypoglossal canal

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42
Q

What bony prominence can be easily palpated on the midline of the occipital bone?

A

External occipital protuberance (EOP)

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43
Q

What bony prominence can be found on the internal aspect of the posterior occipital bone?

A

Internal occipital protuberance

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44
Q

What superior, horizontal line projects laterally form the external occipital protuberance?

A

Superior nuchal line

45
Q

What is the thick, medial part of the sphenoid?

A

Body

46
Q

What cavities lie within the sphenoid?

A

Sphenoidal sinuses

47
Q

What projections of the sphenoid lie superior to the superior orbital fissure?

A

Lesser wings

48
Q

What projections of the sphenoid lie inferior to the superior orbital fissure and can be seen in a lateral view of the skull?

A

Greater wings

49
Q

Within the sphenoid what is the depression holding the pituitary gland?

A

Hypophyseal or pituitary fossa

50
Q

What is the bony enclosure of this depression?

A

Sella turcica
(turkish saddle)

51
Q

Through what opening of the sphenoid does the optic nerve pass?

A

Optic foramen (canal)

52
Q

What three foramina penetrate the greater wings of the sphenoid?

A

Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum

53
Q

What projections of the sphenoid provide attachment surfaces for some muscles that move the lower jaw and soft palate?

A

Medial and lateral pterygoid plates

54
Q

What is the superior, midsagittal elevation of the ethmoid?

A

Crista galli

55
Q

What horizontal structure of the ethmoid separates the cranial and nasal cavities?

A

Cribriform plate

56
Q

Through what openings do the olfactory nerves pass?

A

Cribriform foramina

57
Q

What are these cavities?

ethmoid

A

Ethmoidal sinuses

58
Q

What parts of the ethmoid hold the cavities?

A

Lateral masses

59
Q

What part of the ethmoid forms the medial wall of the orbits?

A

Orbital plate

60
Q

What scroll-like extensions of the ethmoid project medially into the nasal cavity?

A

Superior and middle nasal conchae

61
Q

List the three cranial fossae.

A

Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa

62
Q

Bones of the face

A

Zygomatic
lacrimal
nasal
maxilla
vomer
palatine
maxilla
mandible

63
Q

What is a synonym for the zygomatic bones?

A

Cheekbones

64
Q

What bony projections of the zygomatic bones contribute to the zygomatic arches?

A

Temporal processes

65
Q

What other two processes articulate the zygomatic bone with surrounding bones?

A

Maxillary process
Frontal process

66
Q

What bone forms the anterior, medial orbital wall?

A

Lacrimal bones

67
Q

What depression in the lacrimal bone holds the lacrimal sac?

A

Lacrimal groove (fossa)

68
Q

What is the tube that transports tears from the eye into the nasal cavity?

A

nasolacrimal duct

69
Q

What bony enclosure surrounding the naslacrimal duct?

A

Nasolacrimal canal

70
Q

What bones of the face form the bridge of the nose?

A

Nasal bones

71
Q

What facial bone articulates with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid to form the nasal septum?

A

Vomer

72
Q

What is the scroll-shaped bone of the inferior, lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Inferior nasal concha

73
Q

List the three nasal conchae found on each side of the nasal cavity?

A

Superior
middle
inferior

74
Q

What is a synonym for the nasal conchae?

A

Turbinate bones

75
Q

What L-shaped bones of the face form the posterior third of the hard palate, the posterior, lateral portion of the nasal cavity, and a portion of the orbit?

A

Palatine bones

76
Q

What portion of the palatines forms the posterior third of the hard palette?

A

Horizontal plate

77
Q

What part of the palatine forms the posterior, lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Perpendicular plate

78
Q

What part of the palatine forms a small part of the floor of the orbit?

A

Orbital process

79
Q

What bone holds the upper teeth and forms the anterior two thirds of the hard palate and the floor of the orbit?

A

Maxilla

80
Q

What part of the maxilla forms the floor of the orbit?

A

Orbital surface

81
Q

What opening within the maxilla do the infraorbital artery and nerve pass through?

A

Infraorbital foramen

82
Q

What part of the maxilla holds the upper teeth?

A

Alveolar process

83
Q

What part of the maxilla forms the anterior two thirds of the hard palette?

A

Palatine process

84
Q

What large cavity lies within this bones? (maxilla)

A

Maxillary sinus

85
Q

What is the only bone of the lower jaw?

A

Mandible

86
Q

What is the horizontal portion of the mandible?

A

body

87
Q

What are the ascending, posterior regions of the mandible?

A

Rami

88
Q

What part of the mandible holds the lower teeth?

A

Alveolar process

89
Q

What are the two corners of the mandible?

A

Angle of the mandible

90
Q

What opening lies on the anterolateral surface of the body of the mandible?

A

mental foramen

91
Q

What opening within the mandible lies on the posterior, medial side?

A

mandibular foramen

92
Q

What process of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone?

A

Condylar (condyloid) process

93
Q

What is the smooth, round portion of this process?

condylar

A

Mandibular condyle

94
Q

What is the joint between the mandible and the temporal bone?

A

Temporomandibular joint

95
Q

What is the prominent projection of the mandible does the temporalis insert on?

A

Coronoid process

96
Q

What feature appears between the condylar and coronoid processes?

A

Mandibular notch

97
Q

What bones make up the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoid- cribriform plate
Frontal bone
Sphenoid bone

98
Q

What bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Maxilla - palatine process
palatine- horizontal plate

99
Q

What bones form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoid bones
maxillae
inferior nasal conchae
palatine bones
lacrimal bones

100
Q

List the groups of paranasal sinuses.

A

ethmoidal sinuses
frontal sinus
maxillary sinuses
sphenoidal sinuses

101
Q

List the bones that form the orbit.

A

Frontal bone
Zygomatic bone
maxilla
lacrimal bone
ethmoid
palatine
sphenoid

102
Q

What is the anatomical term for the softspots in a baby’s skull?

A

Fontanels

103
Q

What is their function? (fontanels)

A

Facilitates birth
allows for growth

104
Q

List the four different fontanels.

A

Anterior fontanel
posterior fontanel
Sphenoid (anterolateral) fontanel
Mastoid (posterolateral) fontanel

105
Q

What fontanel is found on the anterior portion of the midline on the superior aspect of the skull?

A

Anterior fontanel

106
Q

What fontanel is found on the posterior portion of the midline on the superior aspect of the skull?

A

Posterior fontanel

107
Q

What fontanel is found on the anterior, lateral aspect of the skull?

A

Sphenoid (anterolateral) fontanel

108
Q

What fontanel is found on the posterior, lateral aspect of the skull?

A

Mastoid (posterolateral) fontanel

Unit 5: Head and Neck (4 decks)

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