Head and Neck Flashcards by Paolo Tapiador

Enclose Submandibulas and Parotid glands

Superficial Layer of deep cervical fascia

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Contains sternal heads of SCM, loose areolar tissue, jugular venous arch, interclavicular ligament

Suprasternal Space of Burns

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Forms false capsule of the thyroid gland

Pretracheal Layer

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Forms the fascial floor of the posterior triangle

Prevertebral layer

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Outer to inner layer of the neck

Superficial cervical fascia
Platysma
Deep cervical fascia

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Cranial nerve descends in the Carotid sheath

Vagus

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Lateral, medial and posterior of Carotid sheath

L- IJV
M- common and ICA
P- vagus nerve

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Potential space at deep cervical fascia between vertebral and visceral compartments

Retro pharyngeal space

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Ludwigs angina involves which fascial planes

Submandibular space

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Supply muscles of facial expressions

CERVICAL BRANCH OF FACIAL NERVE (CN VII)

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Neck twisting and chin pointing to opposite side from injury of SCM or avulsion of Accessory nerve

Torticollis/ Wryneck

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Level of HYOID bone

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Only bone don’t articulate with another bone. For moving of tongue base

HYOID bone

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Suprahyoid muscles

Anterior and posterior DIGASTRIC
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid

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INFRAHYOID muscles

Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid

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Elevates HYOID

SUPRAHYOID muscles

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Depress hyoid

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thryohyoid

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Depress larynx

Sternothryoid

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Elevates larynx

Thyrohyoid

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Boundaries of ANTERIOR TRIANGLE

ant. Border of SCM
ant. Midline of neck
Inf. border of mandible

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Boundaries of POSTERIOR triangle

Post. Border of SCM

ant. Border of trapezius

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Boundaries of SUBMENTAL triangle

Ant. Belly of Digastri
Hyoid bone
Floor- mylohyoid

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Muscle separating submandibular and sublingual space

Mylohyoid

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Boundaries of SUBMANDIBULAR triangle

Digastric
Inf. mandible
Floor- mylohyoid

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Upper portion of carotid sheath corssed obliquely and anteriorly by:

Posterior digastric

Boundaries of ANTERIOR triangle

Superior omohyoid Post. Digastric Ant. SCM

Palpation of CAROTID PULSE

Superior border of thyroid cartilage

Boundaries of muscular triangle

Superior omohyoid Ant. Digastric Ant. SCM

Nerve crosses occipital triangle

Accessory Nerve

Blood vessels crosses SUPRACLAVICULAR triangle/ subclavian triangle

EJV and subclavian artery

Level of base of thryoid

4th or 5th tracheal ring

Location of pyramidal lobe

Left of midline

Connects pyramidal lobe to hyoid

LEVATOR GLANDULAE THYROIDEA

Midline artery below isthmus of thyroid

Thyroidea Ima artery

Level of thyroid cartilage

C4-C5

Level cricoid cartilage

Blood supply of superior and inferior thyroid

Superior- external carotid | Inferior- thyrocervical trunk of subclavian artery

Drain superior and middle thyroid

IJV

Drain inferior thyroid

Brachiocephalic

First endo gland to develop

Thyroid gland

MC loc of ectopic thyroid

LINGUAL

Midline, near hyoid bone, moves with swallowing or tongue protrusion

thyroglossal duct cyst

Lateral to midline, anterior to SCM, not move when swallowing

Brachial cleft cyst

Lie along INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN in Carotid triangle

Superior deep cervical LN

Lie on INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN near Subclavian vein

Inferior deep cervical LN

Where deep cervical LN empty

Thoracic duct- left | Right lymphatic duct- right

Cervical LN where thyroid malig first mets

Cervical LN V

LN mets of primary oral cavity and lip tumors

Level i, ii, iii

LN mets of oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx

Level ii, iii, iv

LN mets of nasopharyngeal and thyroid malig

Level V

Contain opening of auditory rube and pharyngeal tonsils

Nasopharynx

Contains palatine and lingual tonsils

Oropharynx

Opens to larynx and esophagus

Laryngopharynx

Afferent fibers of gag reflec

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Efferent of gag reflex

Vagus nerve

Innervate nasal pharynx

Maxillary nerve V2 of CN V

Oral pharynx innervation

CN IX

laryngeal pharynx innervation

CN X

Afferent of pupillary light reflex

CN II

Efferent of Pupillary light reflex

CN III

Afferent of corneal reflex

CN V

Efferent of corneal reflex

CN VII

Nerve damage in tonsillectomy

CN IX

Components of WALDEYER RING

Lateral: palatine and tubal tonsils Upper: pharyngeal tonsil Lower: lingual tonsils

Level of larynx

C4, C5, C6

Forms laryngeal prominence in the neck

Thyroid cartilage

Unpaired laryngeal cartilages

Thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis

Paired laryngeal cartilages

Arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate

Connects upper thyroid cartilage to hyoid. Pierced by superior laryngeal vessels and internal laryngeal nerve

Thyrohyoid membrane

Connects cricoid cartilage to first ring of trachea

Cricotracheal ligament

Immediately inferior to thyroid cartilage

Cricothyroid membrane

What lies above cricoid cartilage

True vocal cords

Fixed, formed by mucous membrane, vascular, pink in color

False vocal folds

Mobile, voice production, formed by mucous membrane, avascular, white

True vocal folds

Narrowest part of laryngeal cavity, space between vocal folds and arytenoid cartilages

Rima glottidis

Nerve injury in ligation of superior thyroid artery

External laryngeal

Inferior thyroid artery associated with what nerve

Inferior/recurrent laryngeal nerve

Nerve supply cricothyroid

External Laryngeal nerve

Supply motor to muscles of phonation except cricothyroid

Inferior/ recurrent laryngeal nerve

Chief tensor of vocal cords

Cricothyroid

Muscle allow air movement through larynx

Posterior arytenoids

Abduction of vocal fold

Post. Cricoarytenoid

Adductor of vocal cords

Lateral cricoarytenoid

Where does RIGHT laryngeal nerve cross?

Right subclavian artery

Where left recurrent laryngeal nerve cross

Aortic arch

Injury to what nerve results to cannot producer HIGH PITCH SOUNDS

EBSLN

nerve injury results to HOARSENESS/ BREATHINESS

Recurrent LN

Blood supply of Larynx

Upper half- superior thyroid artery | Lower half- inferior thyroid artery

Level of trachea

Blood supply of trachea

Upper 2/3- inferior thyroid artery | Lower- bronchial arteries

Improper division of foregut by tracheoesophageal septum

TEF

MC TEF

Esophageal atresia with distal TEF

Blood supply of Parathyroid gland

Superior and Inferior Thyroid arteries

Venous of Parathyroid glands

Superior, middle, inferior thyroid

Cells secrete PTH

Chief cells

Supporting cells of Parathyroid gland

Oxyphil cells

Secret CALCITONIN in thyroid gland

Para follicular cells (c cells)

Formed by first four cervical nerves (C1-C4)

Cervical plexus

Branches of cervical plexus

Cutaneous, Muscular branches, Phrenic

Only motor nerve supply of diaphragm

Phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)

Boundaries of phrenic nerve

Post- subclavian vein Ant- subclavian artery Lat- common carotid

Neck Zones: Zone 1: Zone 2: Zone 3:

Zone 1: root of neck to inferior border of cricoid Zone 2: cricoid was to angle of mandible Zone 3: above level of angle of mandible