Head and Neck 5

Question 1

To which structure is the larynx continuous with superiorly?

Answer 1

Pharynx

Question 2

What does the larynx continue as inferiorly?

Answer 2

Trachea

Question 3

What is A?

Answer 3

Hyoid bone

Question 4

What is B?

Answer 4

Epiglottis

Question 5

What is C?

Answer 5

Thyroid cartilage

Question 6

What is D?

Answer 6

Cricoid cartilage

Question 7

What is E?

Answer 7

Epiglottis

Question 8

What is F?

Answer 8

Thyroid cartilage

Question 9

What is G?

Answer 9

Cricoid cartilage

Question 10

What is H?

Answer 10

Cricoid cartilage

Question 11

Prominance on which cartilage makes the “Adam’s apple”?

Answer 11

Arytenoid cartilage

Question 12

Which cartilage of the larynx is a complete ring shape?

Answer 12

Cricoid cartilage

Question 13

What is the space between the laryngeal cartilages occupied by?

Answer 13

Dense connective tissue membranes

Question 14

What is A?

Answer 14

Thyrohyoid membrane

Question 15

What is B?

Answer 15

Cricothyroid membrane

Question 16

What is C?

Answer 16

Thyrohyoid membrane

Question 17

What is D?

Answer 17

Cricothyroid membrane

Question 18

What is E?

Answer 18

Vocal fold with vocal cord

Question 19

What structures form the laryngeal inlet?

Answer 19

Epiglottis

Corniculate cartilage

Arytenoid cartilage

Aryepiglottic fold

Interarytenoid fold

Question 20

The lumen of the larynx can be divided into 3 parts, what are these?

Answer 20

Vestibule - area between laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds (or false vocal cords)

Middle part - lies between vestibular folds and the true vocal cords

Lower part - extends from vocal cords to lower border of cricoid cartilage

Question 21

Which one is the true vocal cords?

Answer 21

A

Question 22

What do intrinsic muscles of the larynx control?

Answer 22

Movement of the vocal folds as well as controlling the diameter of the laryngeal inlet

Question 23

What can the laryngeal intrinsic muscles do to the vocal cords?

Answer 23

Make them tighten, or relax,

and to be abducted or adducted (from the midline and each other)

Question 24

What is A?

Answer 24

Epiglottis

Question 25

What is B?

Answer 25

Vestibule of larynx

Question 26

What is C?

Answer 26

Vestibular fold

Question 27

What is D?

Answer 27

Interglottic space

Question 28

What is E?

Answer 28

Vocal fold

Question 29

What is F?

Answer 29

Intraglottic space

Question 30

Nerve supply to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx is from what?

Answer 30

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (arises from CN X and has a different course on each side) except for cricothyroid muscle (which is from superior laryngeal nerve, branch of CN X)

Question 31

What would happen if the recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected?

Answer 31

Unable to control vocal cords/wheeze

Question 32

What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx?

Answer 32

Internal laryngeal nerve

Question 33

When are the vocal cords abducted?

Answer 33

Normal respiration

Question 34

When are the vocal cords fully abducted?

Answer 34

Rapid breathing such as after exercise

Question 35

When are the focal cords adducted?

Answer 35

Speaking/singing

Question 36

The roof of the nasopharynx is formed from what?

Answer 36

Sphenoid bone

Question 37

In relation to the larynx, the pharynx is?

Answer 37

Posterior

Question 38

What prevents the bolus from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing?

Answer 38

Uvula and soft palate

Question 39

What prevents the bolus from entering the larynx during swallowing?

Answer 39

Epiglottis

Question 40

What are the layers of the pharynx?

Answer 40

1) Outer circular muscular layer 2) Inner longitudinal muscular layer 3) Middle fibrous layer 4) Inner mucous membrane

Question 41

What is the outer circular muscle layer of the pharynx formed from?

Answer 41

Three constrictor (superior, middle and inferior) muscles

Question 42

What is the inner longitidual muscle layer of the pharynx formed from?

Answer 42

Stylophayngeus Salpingopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus

Question 43

What is A?

Answer 43

Superior constrictor

Question 44

What is B?

Answer 44

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

Question 45

What is C?

Answer 45

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Question 46

What is D?

Answer 46

Oesophagus

Question 47

What is E?

Answer 47

Cricothyroid muscle

Question 48

What is F?

Answer 48

Thyrohyoid muscle

Question 49

What is G?

Answer 49

Mylohyoid muscle

Question 50

What is H/

Answer 50

Buconator

Question 51

What is I?

Answer 51

Pterygo-mandibular ligament

Question 52

What is J?

Answer 52

Maxillary bone

Question 53

What does the pharynx receive innervation from?

Answer 53

Pharyngeal plexus

Question 54

What nerves from the pharyngeal plexus?

Answer 54

Branches of vagus (CN X) and glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Question 55

What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the pharynx?

Answer 55

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Question 56

What nerve supplies most of the motor innervation to the pharynx?

Answer 56

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 57

What is the role played by the constrictor muscles during swallowing?

Answer 57

Constrict walls of pharynx

Question 58

What is the role played by the longitudinal layer of muscles during swallowing?

Answer 58

Elevate (shorten and widen) pharynx and larynx

Question 59

What role is played by tongue and palate muscles during swallowing?

Answer 59

Propels bolus posteriorly and palate prevents entrance to nasopharynx

Question 60

What lymphoid tissue protects the entrance to the oropharynx?

Answer 60

Pharyngeal lymphoid ring (Waldeyer's ring)

Question 61

What is the purpose of the pharyngeal lymphoid ring?

Answer 61

Primary defects against pathogens from mouth/nose