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Jawahir Anatomy > Head and Neck 2 > Flashcards

Head and Neck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the neck?

A

Vertebral compartment

Vascular compartment

Visceral compartment

Musculofascial collar

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2
Q

What does the vertebral compartment of the neck contain?

A

Cervical vertebrae and postural muscles (prevertebral and postvertebral muscles)

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3
Q

What does the vascular compartment of the neck contain?

A

Major blood vessels and vagus nerve

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4
Q

What does the visceral compartment of the neck contain?

A

Thyroid

Parathyroid glands

Pharynx

Larynx

Trachea

Oesophagus

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5
Q

What compartment is A?

A

Vertebral compartment

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6
Q

What compartment is B?

A

Musculofascial collar

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7
Q

What compartment is C?

A

Vascular compartment

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8
Q

What compartment is D?

A

Visceral compartment

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9
Q

What is A?

A

Transverse process

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10
Q

What is B?

A

Body of vertebrae

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11
Q

What is C?

A

Foramen transversium

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12
Q

What is D?

A

Superior articular facet

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13
Q

What is E?

A

Spinous process

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14
Q

What is F?

A

Vertebral foramen

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15
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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16
Q

What kind of joint is present between the occopital condyles and C1 (atlas)?

A

Condyloid (synovial)

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17
Q

What kind of joint is present between C1 and C2 at the odontoid peg?

A

Pivot (synovial)

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18
Q

What structures pass through the foramen transversarium?

A

Vertebral artery

Vertebral vein

Sympathetic plexus

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19
Q

What is the vertebrae prominens?

A

C7

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20
Q

What is a special feature of the spines of cervical vertebrae?

A

Bifid

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21
Q

What curvature exists in the cervical portion of the vertebral column?

A

Lordosis

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22
Q

What are the 2 triangles of the neck?

A

Anterior and posterior triangles

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23
Q

What is A?

A

Stylohyoid muscle

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24
Q

What is B?

A

Mandible

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25
What is C?
Digastric muscle (anterior belly)
26
What is D?
Digastric muscle (posterior belly)
27
What is E?
Hyoid bone
28
What is F?
Omyhyoid muscle (anterior belly)
29
What is G?
Omyhyoid muscle (posterior belly)
30
What is H?
Trapezius
31
What is I?
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
32
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?
Superiorly - inferior border of mandible Posteriorly - anterior border of SCM Anteriorly - median line of neck
33
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
Anteriorly - posterior border of SCM Posteriorly - anterior border of trapezius Inferiorly - clavicle between SCM and trapezius
34
What are the contents of the anterior triangle of the neck?
Submandibular gland Submental lymph nodes Common carotid artery and branches Internal jugular vein and tributaries Vagus nerve
35
What are the contents of the posterior triangle of the neck?
Part of external jugular vein Posterior branches of cervical plexus Trunk of brachial plexus Cervical lymph nodes Subclavian artery Supraclavicular lymph nodes
36
What are the attachments of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?
Origin - anterior surface of manubrium, and superior border/anterior surface of medial 1/3 clavicle Insertion - lateral surface of mastoid process and nochal line of occipital bone
37
What happens if the right sternocleidomastoid muscle is contracted?
Head tilts to the right Face turns to the left
38
What are the actions of the trapezius muscle?
Rotates, elevates, depresses, retracts scapula
39
Which cranial nerve innervates the SCM and trapezius?
Accessory nerve (CN XI)
40
In which triangle of the neck is the accessory nerve (CN XI) found?
Posterior triangle
41
What are the attachments of the trapezius?
Origin - occipital bone and spinous process of T1 to T12 Insertion - lateral 1/3 of clavicle and scapula
42
What is the anterior triangle further divided into 4 more triangles by?
Diagastric and omohyoid muscles
43
What 4 triangles can the anterior triangle be divided into?
Submental Digastric Carotid Muscular
44
What is A?
Submental triangle
45
What is B?
Muscular triangle
46
What is C?
Carotid triangle
47
What is D?
Digastric triangle (also known as submandibular triangle)
48
Between what muscles does the brachial plexus emerge from in the posterior triangle?
Scalene muscles that form the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck
49
What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?
Inferior - hyoid bone Medial - midline of neck Lateral - anterior belly of digastric
50
What are the boundaries of the digastric triangle?
Superior - body of mandible Anterior - anterior belly of digastric muscle Posterior - posterior belly of digastric muscle
51
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
Superior - posterior belly of digastric muscle Lateral - medial border of SCM Inferior - superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
52
What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?
Superior - hyoid bone Medial - midline of neck Superiolateral - superior belly of omohyoid muscle Inferolateral - inferior portion of SCM
53
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
Submental lymph nodes
54
What are the contents of the digastric triangle?
Submandibular gland
55
What are the contents of the carotid triangle?
Carotid sheath (common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, hypoglossal and vagus nerve)
56
What are the contents of the muscular triangle?
Strap muscles of the neck, also known as infrahyoid muscles: sternohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid omohyoid
57
What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?
Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid Omohyoid
58
What artery is the common carotid artery a branch of on the right side?
Brachiocephalic trunk
59
What is A?
Brachiocephalic trunk
60
What is B?
Right subclavian artery
61
What is C?
Right common carotid artery
62
What is D?
Left common carotid artery
63
What is E?
Left subclavian artery
64
In what triangle of the neck is the carotid sheath?
Anterior triangle
65
What structures are in the carotid sheath?
Common carotid artery Internal jugular vein Vagus nerve
66
At what level does the common carotid artery divid into external and internal carotid arteries?
C4
67
Which of the internal and external carotid artery gives of branches in the neck?
External carotid artery
68
In the neck, which of the internal and external carotid arteries is most lateral?
Internal carotid artery
69
What are the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery (given of in the face)?
Maxillary and superficial temporal artery
70
Within which glandular structure are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery given of?
Parotid duct
71
The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is A?
Superficial temporal artery
72
The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is B?
Maxillary artery
73
The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is C?
Facial artery
74
The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is D?
Lingual artery
75
The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is E?
Superior thyroid artery
76
The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is F?
Ascending pharyngeal artery
77
The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is G?
Occipital artery
78
The following are branches of the external carotid artery, what is H?
Posterior auricular artery
79
Which jugular vein is in the carotid sheath?
Internal jugular vein
80
What does the internal jugular veina rise from?
Jugular venous sinus (which drains the brain)
81
What does the internal jugular vein emerge through the skull from?
Jugular foramen
82
Which vein does the internal jugular vein merge with and what is the name of the vein that is formed?
Merges with subclavian vein Forms brachiocephalic vein
83
What does the external jugular vein drain?
Scalp and face (is superficial)
84
In relation to the SCM, where does the external jugular vein run (superficial or deep)?
Superficially to it
85
Which vein does the external jugular vein drain into?
Subclavian vein
86
What is A?
External jugular vein
87
What is B?
Internal jugular vein
88
Within the carotid sheath, where does the vagus nerve lie in relation to the vascular contents?
Posteriorly between common carotid artery and internal jugular vein
89
What does the phrenic nerve arise from?
Cervical plexus in the neck
90
Where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the carotid sheath?
Deep, posterior
91
What is A?
Greater horn of hyoid bone
92
What is B?
Lesser horn of hyoid
93
What is C?
Body of hyoid bone
94
What are the muscles attached to the hyoid bone?
Suprahyoid muscles Infrahyoid muscles Genioglossus (hyoglottis), muscle of the tongue Middle pharyngeal constrictor, muscle of the pharynx
95
What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?
Mylohyoid Geniohyoid Digastric Stylohyoid
96
What is the nerve supply of the mylohyoid muscle?
Inferior alveolar nerve (branch of mandibular nerve, which is a branch of CN V)
97
What is the nerve supply of the geniohyoid muscle?
C1 root within hypoglossal nerve
98
What is the nerve supply of the digastric muscle?
Anterior belly by inferior alveolar nerve Posterior belly by facial nerve
99
What is the nerve supply of the stylohyoid muscle?
Facial nerve
100
What actions do the suprahyoid muscles have on the mandible and on the hyoid bone?
Elevates hyoid bone Tenses floor of mouth
101
What is A?
Geniohyoid muscle
102
What is B?
Digastric muscle (anterior belly)
103
What is C?
Mylohyoid muscle
104
What is D?
Stylohyoid muscle
105
What is E?
Digastric muscle (posterior belly)
106
What are the infrahyoid muscles?
Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid Omohyoid
107
What is the nerve supply of the sternohyoid?
Anterior rami of C1-C3, carried by branch of ansa cervicalis
108
What is the nerve supply of the sternothyroid muscle?
Anterior rami of C1-C3, carried by branch of ansa cervicalis
109
What is the nerve supply of the thyrohyoid?
C1 (which reaches it by hitching a ride on the hypoglossal nerve)
110
What is the nerve supply of the omohyoid?
Anterior rami of C1-C3, carried by branch of ansa cervicalis
111
What action do the infrahyoid muscles have on the hyoid bone?
Lowers hyoid bone
112
What is A?
Omohyoid muscle
113
What is B?
Sternohyoid muscle
114
What is C?
Sternothyroid muscle
115
What is D?
Thyrohyoid muscle
116
Is the cervical plexus somatic or autonomic?
Somatic
117
What are the vertebral roots of the cervical plexus?
C1-C4
118
Between which two muscles do the roots of the cervical plexus emerge?
Anterior and middle scelene
119
Name a nerve that emerges from the cervical plexus and travels down the thorax?
Phrenic nerve
120
What is the ansa cervicalis?
Loop of nerves that are pert of cervical plexus
121
What kind of gland is the thyroid gland?
Endocrine
122
What are the anatomical parts of the thyroid gland?
Left/right lobes and isthmus
123
What is A?
Lobe of thyroid gland
124
What is B?
Isthmus of thyroid
125
At what level does the isthmus of thyroid gland lie?
C7 (whole gland is between C5 and T1)
126
In which compartment of the neck does the thyroid gland lie?
Visceral compartment
127
What artery provides blood to thyroid gland?
Superior thyroid artery (branch of external carotid artery) and the inferior thyroid artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk)
128
What is A?
Thyroid cartilage
129
What is B?
Cricothyroid muscle
130
What is C?
Cricoid cartilage
131
What is D?
Inferior thyroid artery
132
What is E?
Thyroid gland
133
What is F?
Oesophagus
134
What is G?
Inferior thyroid vein
135
What is H?
Trachea
136
What is I?
Sternothyroid muscle
137
What is J?
Clavicle
138
What is K?
Vagus nerve
139
What is L?
Common carotid artery
140
What is M?
Common carotid artery
141
What is M?
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve in tracho-oesophageal groove
142
What is N?
143
What is O?
Internal jugular vein
144
What is P?
Middle cervical sympathetic ganglion
145
What is Q?
Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia
146
What is R?
Superior thyroid arteries and vein
147
What is S?
External laryngeal nerve
148
What is T?
Thoracic duct
149
What is A?
Inferior thyroid artery
150
What is B?
Superior thyroid artery
151
What is the venous drainage of thyroid?
Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins

Jawahir Anatomy (17 decks)

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