Head and Neck 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the most common type of joint between the bones of the skull?
A
Suture joint (fibrous)
2
Q
What are the 3 parts that the skull can be divided into?
A
Neuro-cranium
Facial skull (viscera-cranium)
Mandible
3
Q
What part of the skull is A?
A
Neuro-cranium
4
Q
What part of the skull is B?
A
Facial skull (viscera-cranium)
5
Q
What part of the skull is C?
A
Mandible
6
Q
What is A?
A
Compact bone
7
Q
What is B?
A
Spongy bone
8
Q
What are the 3 layers of the skull bone?
A
Compact bone, spongy bone, compact bone
9
Q
Which part of the skull bone houses red marrow?
A
Spongy bone
10
Q
What is A?
A
Parietal bone
11
Q
What is B?
A
Sagittal suture
12
Q
What is C?
A
Coronal suture
13
Q
What is D?
A
Frontal bone
14
Q
What is E?
A
Nasal bone
15
Q
What is F?
A
Sphenoid bone
16
Q
What is G?
A
Temporal bone
17
Q
What is H?
A
Occipital bone
18
Q
What is I?
A
Lambdoid suture
19
Q
What does the sagittal suture connect?
A
Left and right parietal bone
20
Q
What does the coronal suture connect?
A
Left/right parietal and frontal bone
21
Q
What does the lambdoid suture connect?
A
Left/right parietal and occipital bone
22
Q
What kind of bones are bones of the facial skeleton?
A
Irregular
23
Q
What do the facial bones give attachment to?
A
Muscles of the tongue, mastication and pharynx
24
Q
What is A?
A
Frontal bone
25
What is B?
Zygomatic bone
26
What is C?
Maxilla bone
27
Mandible
28
What is E?
Ethmoid bone
29
What is F?
Nasal bone
30
List some bony prominences of the skull?
Occipital protuberance
Mastoid process
Zygomatic arch
Styloid process
Occipital condyles
31
What bone is the occipital protuberance apart of?
Occipital bone
32
What bone is the mastoid process apart of?
Temporal bone
33
Which bone is the zygomatic arch apart of?
Temporal bone and zygomatic bone
34
Which bone is the styloid process apart of?
Temporal bone
35
Which bone is the occipital condyles apart of?
Occipital bone
36
What are the 3 fossae of the cranial cavity?
Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
37
What is A?
Greater wing of sphenoid
38
What is B?
Lesser wing of sphenoid
39
What is C?
Floor of sphenoid
40
What is A?
Maxilla
41
What is B?
Vomer
42
What is C?
Zygomatic
43
What is D?
Frontal
44
What is E?
Sphenoid
45
What is F?
Temporal bone
46
What is G?
Parietal
47
What is H?
Occipital
48
What is the largest formina cranium?
Foramen magnum
49
What 2 structures pass through the foramen magnum?
Medulla and meninges
Right and left vertebral arteries
50
51
What are the sockets for eyeballs called?
Orbits
52
What is the function of air sinuses and sacs?
Decrease the weight of the skull
53
Where are the ear ossicles found?
Within the petrous part of the temporal bone
54
What are the borders of the scalp?
Anterior - eyebrows
Posterior - superior nochal lines
Lateral - superior temporal line
55
What bone forms the zygomatic arch anteriorly?
Zygomatic bone
56
What bone forms the zygomatic arch posteriorly?
Temporal bone
57
What type of joint is present between the two bones of the zygomatic arch?
Suture (fibrous joint)
58
What are the 5 layers of the scalp?
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis of the occipitofrontal muscle (epicranial aponeurosis)
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
(remember SCALP)
59
What is A?
Skin
60
What is B?
Connective tissue
61
What is C?
Loose connective tissue
62
What is D?
Skull bones (cranium)
63
What is E?
Meninges
64
What does the epicranial aponeurosis connect?
Anterior (frontal) and posterior (occipital) bellies of the occipitofrontalis muscle
65
What is the action produced by the contraction of the anterior belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
Lift eye brows and eye lids
66
What is the innervation of the anterior part of the scalp (anterior to auricle or external ear)?
Three branches of the trigeminal nerve
67
What is the innervation of the posterior part of the scalp (posterior to auricle or external ear)?
Branches of spinal nerves C2 and C3
68
What structure forms from the ventral rami of C5-T1 and what does it innervate?
Brachial plexus
Innervates the upper limbs
69
In which layer of the scalp are blood vessels present?
Connective tissue layer
70
Do wounds to the scalp bleed profusely or sparingly, and why?
Profusely, because fibrous fascia prevents vasoconstriction
71
Which of the scalp arteries are branches of the internal carotid artery?
Supratrochlear artery
Supra-orbital artery
72
Which of the scalp arteries are branches of the external carotid artery?
Superficial temporal artery
Posterior auricular artery
Occipital artery
73
What is A?
Supratrochlear artery
74
What is B?
Supra-orbital artery
75
What is C?
Superficial temporal artery
76
What is D?
Posterior auricular artery
77
What is E?
Occipital artery
78
What pulse is felt anterior to the tragus of the ear?
Superficial temporal artery (STA)
79
What is A?
Subclavian vein
80
What is B?
External jugular vein
81
What is C?
Superficial temporal vein
82
What is D?
Supra-orbital vein
83
What is E?
Supratrochlear vein
84
What is F
Facial vein
85
What is G?
Submental vein
86
What is H?
Internal jugular vein
87
What do the scalp veins anastomose with?
Each other and diploid veins in the skull bones (and through these to the venous sinuses of the brain)
88
What do the scalp veins anastomose with each other through?
Valveless veins called emissary veins
89
What is diploe?
Spongy cancellous bone seperating innter and outer layers of corical bone of the skull
90
What potential grave complication could arise from scalp infections due to presence of emissary veins?
Subdural haematoma
91
Where are the lymph nodes in the scalp?
There are none
92
How does lymph drain away from the scalp?
Through lymph nodes of the head and neck
93
What are the muscles of facial expression important for?
Communication, particularly emotion
Functional roles such as opening/closing of openings in the face (eyes, nares, mouth)
94
What do the muscles of facial expression lie within?
Superficial fascia of the face and neck
95
How do the muscles of facial expression differ from other skeletal muscles in terms of position and attachment?
Position - they are superficial not deep
Attachment - attach to each other or skin instead of bone
96
What is A?
Palpebral part of orbicularis occuli
97
What is B?
Orbital part of orbicularis occuli
98
What is C?
Orbicularis oris
99
What is D?
Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis
100
What is E?
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
101
What is G?
Buccinator
102
What is F?
Platysma
103
What innervates all the muscles of facial expression?
Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
104
Which foramen does the facial nerve emerge from as it leaves the skull?
Stylomastoid foramen
105
What are the two bony points at either side of the stylomastoid foramen?
Styloid process
Mastoid process
106
What is the gland on the side of the face?
Parotid gland
107
Where does the facial nerve split into its terminal branches?
Once it enters the substance of the parotid gland, emerging from the anterior border of the gland as terminal branches
108
What would happen to eyelids as a result of facial palsy?
Lower eyelid turns outwards
Cannot blink
109
What would happen to the corner of the mouth due to facial palsy?
Drooping
110
What would happen to the cheek during chewing due to facial palsy?
Food accumulates
111
What is the largest salivary gland?
Parotid gland
112
What are the 3 salivary glands?
Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland
113
Where are small and unnamed salivary glands found?
Mucosa of the soft palate, cheeks and tongue which empty there secretions into the mouth
114
What are the borders of the parotid gland?
Superior - zygomatic arch
Inferior - angle of mandible
Posterior - anterior of the external auditory meatus
115
What type of gland is the parotid gland?
Exocrine
116
How do exocrine and endocrine glands differ?
Endocrine - secretes into blood
Exocrine - secretes into ducts to target tissue
117
What nerve branches can you see emerging from the anterior border of the parotid gland?
Facial nerve (CN VII) branches
118
The parotid gland is superfical to what muscle, and what muscle does it pierces?
Superficial to masseter
Pierces the buccinator
119
Opposite what tooth does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity?
Second upper molar tooth
120
What cranial nerve, artery and vein enter/leave the parotid gland?
Cranial nerve - facial nerve
Artery - external carotid artery
Vein - retromandibular vein
121
What innervates the parotid gland?
Sympathetic - superor cervical ganglion
Parasympathetic - glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
122
What division of the autonomic nervous system would be secretomotor to the parotid salivary gland?
Parasympathetic
123
What is sensory innervation of the face provided by?
Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
124
What are the 3 main branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?
Opthalmic nerve (V1)
Maxillary nerve (V2)
Mandibular nerve (V3)
125
What dermatome is A?
CN V1
126
What dermatome is B?
CN V2
127
What dermatome is C?
CN V3
128
What dermatome is D?
C2
129
What dermatome is E?
C3
130
What dermatome is F?
C5
131
What dermatome is G?
C4
132
What dermatome is H?
V2
133
What is A?
Superficial temporal artery
134
What is B?
Facial artery
135
What artery are the facial and superficial arteries branches of?
External carotid artery
136
What bone does the facial artery wind around the reach the face?
Inferior border of mandible
137
What muscle on the side of the face lies immediately posterior to the facial artery as it enters onto the face?
Superficial masseter
138
Just before the facial artery enters the side of the face, what gland does it groove?
Parotid gland
139
Where does the facial artery end?
Medial commisure of eyes as angular artery
140
What is A?
Superficial temporal vein (retromandibular vein)
141
What is B?
Facial vein
142
What is C?
Internal jugular vein
143
What is D?
Posterior external jugular vein
144
What is E?
External jugular vein
145
What is F?
Posterior auricular vein
146
What is G?
Occipital vein
147
Which vein does the facial vein and superficial temporal vein drain into?
Internal carotid vein
