Head and Neck 3 Flashcards
1
Q
What are the functions of the nose?
A
Traps dirt
Respiration
Humidification of inspired air
Olfaction (smell)
2
Q
The nasal cavity is divided into 2 parts by what?
A
Midline nasal septum
3
Q
The palate is made up of what?
A
Bony palate anteriorly
Soft palate posteriorly
4
Q
What seperates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity?
A
Palate
5
Q
What are the functions of the larynx?
A
Open valve - respiration
Partially closed valve - orifice can be modulated in phonation
Closed valve - protecting trachea
6
Q
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?
A
Nasopharynx - lying behind the nasal fossae and above soft palate
Oropharynx - lying behind anterior pillars of the fauces
Laryngopharnx - lying behind larynx
7
Q
What vertebral level does the trachea begin?
A
C6
8
Q
Where does the trachea lie relative to the oesophagus?
A
Anterior
9
Q
What is A?
A
Frontal sinus
10
Q
What is B?
A
Nasopharynx
11
Q
What is C?
A
Hard palate
12
Q
What is D?
A
Genioglossus
13
Q
What is E?
A
Mylohyhoid
14
Q
A
15
Q
What is F?
A
Hyoid
16
Q
What is G?
A
Trachea
17
Q
What is G?
A
Oesophagus
18
Q
What is I?
A
Larynx
19
Q
What is J?
A
Laryngopharynx
20
Q
What is K?
A
Soft palate
21
Q
What is L?
A
Sphenoid sinus
22
Q
What is M?
A
Concha (inferior, middle, superior)
23
Q
To which bone do the nasal aperatures articulate with superiorly at the nasion?
A
Frontal bone
24
Q
What is A?
A
Frontal bone
25
What is B?
Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
26
What is C?
Sphenoid bone
27
What is D?
Perpendicular plate of palatine bone
28
What is E?
Palatine process of maxilla
29
What is F?
Inferior concha
30
What is G?
Nasal bone
31
The floor of the nasal cavity is formed from what?
Palatine processes of the maxillae and the palatine bones which form the hard palate
32
The roof of the nose is formed from what?
Anteriorly to posteriorly, the nasal bones, part of the frontal bone as well as the ethmoid bone and the body of the sphenoid bone
33
What 2 bones form the nasal septum?
Vomer bone
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
34
What structure lies anterior to the vomer and ethmoid bones to complete the nasal septum?
Septal cartilage
35
What is A?
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
36
What is D?
37
What is B?
Sphenoid sinus
38
What is C?
Palatine
39
What is I?
Cribiform plate
40
What is E?
Septal cartilage
41
What is F?
42
What is G?
Nasal bone
43
What is H?
Frontal sinus
44
What passes through the cribiform plate?
Olfactory nerves
45
What attaches to the crista gali?
Falx cerebri
46
What is A?
Crista galli
47
What is B?
Superior concha
48
What is C?
Middle concha
49
What is D?
Perpendicular plate
50
What is E?
Ethmoid air cells
51
What is F?
Orbital plate
52
What is G?
Olfactory foramina
53
What is H?
Cribiform plate
54
What kind of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa which lines most of the nasal cavity?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
55
What is the roof of the nasal cavity lined by?
Olfactory mucosa
56
Which plate of bone lying on the roof of the cranial cavity do axons of this nerve pass through to enter into the cranial cavity?
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
57
What are the 3 projections on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity called?
Conchae
58
What is the space inferior to each concha called?
Meatus
59
What is A?
Superior concha
60
What is B?
Middle concha
61
What is C?
Inferior concha
62
What is D?
Inferior meatus
63
What is E?
Inferior concha
64
What is F?
Middle meatus
65
What is G?
Middle concha
66
What is H?
Superior meatus
67
What is I?
Superior concha
68
What is the name given to the space above the superior concha?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
69
The inferior concha is on a seperate bone, what bone is the superior and middle conchae on?
Ethmoid bone
70
Arterial supply to the nose is via what?
Branches of the opthalamic artery (which is a branch of ICA)
71
What is the opthalmic artery a branch of?
ICA
72
What clinical implication does the rich vascular supply of the nose have?
Epistaxis (nose bleed)
73
Venous drainage of the nose is via what?
A venous plexus
74
What are examples of structures that open into meatuses in the nose?
Number of structures including opening of paranasal air sinuses and the nasolacrimal duct
75
What are paranasal air sinuses?
Air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of nasal cavity into cranial bones
76
What are the functions of paranasal air sinuses?
Decrease weight of the skull
Increase resonance of voice
77
What kind of mucosa lines paranasal air sinuses?
Respiratory mucosa similar to and continous with that lining the nasal cavity
78
What is a clinical implication of the mucosa lining air sinuses being continuous to that lining the nasal cavity?
Sinusitis, infection can spread easily
79
What opens into the speno-ethmoid recess?
Sphenoid sinus
80
What opens into the superior meatus?
Posterior ethmoidal air cells
81
What opens into the middle meatus?
Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinus
Anterior ethmoid air cells
MIddle ethmoid air cells
82
What opens into the inferior meatus?
Nasolacrimal duct
83
What sinus has the most trouble draining its secretions into the nasal cavity?
Maxillary - opening is not at its most inferior part so secretions do not drain well
84
Branches of what cranial nerve innervates all of the sinuses and air cells?
CN V
85
What innervates the frontal air sinus?
Supraorbital and supratrochlear (V1)
86
What innervates sphenoid air sinus?
V1 and V2
87
What innervates maxillary air sinus?
V2
88
What innervates ethmoidal air cells?
Ethmoidal nerve (V1 branches)
89
What does the soft palate do during deglutition?
Cuts of the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx to prevent regurgitation of food through the nose
90
What bone forms the roof of the nasopharynx?
Sphenoid bone
91
What 2 important structures lie in the nasopharynx?
Collection of lymphoid tissue called adenoid or nasopharyngeal tonsil
Orifice of the pharyngotympanic (also called Eustachian tube) lies on the side-wall of nasopharynx level with floor of nose
92
What is the pharyngotympanic tube also called?
Eustachian tube
