Head and Neck Flashcards
Normal vision
20/20
Decreased vision
20/>20
Legally blind
20/ 200+
Myopia
nearsighted (cant see far)
Presbyopia
farsighted (need readers; cant see up close)
How far should the visual field extend?
190 degrees
What is glaucoma?
increased pressure in the eye (>20 mmHg)–> decreased vision
What is normal IOP?
<20 mmHg
IOP intraocular pressure
How should pupils look?
equal in size and round
PERRLA
equally reactive to light and accommodation
EOMI
extraocular muscles intact
How should sclera look?
white and non-icteric
How should conjunctiva and cornea look?
clear
How should the eye balls look?
symmetrical, no exophthalmos, moist
What is exophthalmos?
bugging out of eyes; common in TED
How should the lens of the eye look?
clear without opacities
How should a retina (fundus) look?
No evidence of exudates, aneurysms, hemorrhages, edema, “cupping”, or “nicking”
Are eye “floaters” normal?
yes
Are fixed lesions of the eye normal?
no
How should the eye lids present?
touching upper iris, no edema, qual coverage of eyeball
How does a normal external ear look?
No mass, nodules, free of cerumen, dry, non-tender
How does a normal tympanic membrane / ear drum look?
grayish, flat no exudates, perforations, or discharges
What is conductive hearing?
airborne through external canal to tympanic membrane through skull bones by vibration
What is treatment of conductive hearing?
surgical correction
noise cancelling hearing aide
What is sensorineural hearing?
nerve transmission from organs of hearing to brain due to aging, loud noise exposure
What is treatment of sensorineural hearing?
hearing aid
Should you be able to palpitate the lymph nodes?
no
What is primary hypothyroidism?
TSH: normal-high
T3: low
T4: low
What is secondary hypothyroidism?
TSH: low
T3: low
T4: low
What is primary hyperthyroidism?
TSH: low
T3: high
T4: high
What is secondary hyperthyroidism?
TSH: high
T3: high
T4: high
What is an indication of hypo/ hyper thyroidism?
goiter
