BP assessment Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is a normal HR?
60-100 bpm
What do diminished pulses suggest?
CHF
atherosclerosis
What is systole?
ventricular conctraction
What is diastole?
ventricular relaxation
What is HTN?
> 120/80
What is hypotension?
90/60
What is HTN crisis?
systoliv >180 and or diastolic >120
What is an elevated BP?
systolic 120-129 AND diastolic 80-89
What is orthostatic hypotension?
decrease in BP by > 10-20 mmHG
What are ways to reduce orthostatic hypotension?
- stand up slow
- drink water, low circulating volume
- increase sodium
What is pulsus alternans?
alternating strong and weak pulse
What does pulsus alternans indicate?
CHF
long standing HTN
What is a normal sound when percussing the chest wall on the left-most border of the heart?
dull
What are outcomes of uncontrolled HTN?
- MI
- CVA
- retinal damage
- renal damage
What are lifestyle modifications for HTN?
- low sodium (2-3g/day)
- high fiber (25-30 g/day)
- low sugar
- low saturated fat
- DASH diet
- stress reduction
- exercise
- moderate alcohol
- avoid nicotine
What are the 1st line meds for HTN?
ACEi
ARB
Thiazide
CCB
What are the Korotkoff sounds?
S1- tapping
S2- squishing
S3- tapping
D4- muffling
D5 no sound (diastole)
What is pulus paradoxus?
fall in systolic BP (>10mmHG) and pulse rate during inspiration
What can pulus paradoxus be a sign of?
pericarditis
cardiac tamponade
severe lung disease
OR can happen is healthy patient
How is BP effected by someone with an ausultory gap?
falsly high diastolic
What are auscultory gap be a sign of?
pulmonary/cardiac disease OR
nomal
What does an absense of the D5 sound (silence) indicate?
advaced atherosclerosis
How is blood pressure taken when D5 sound absent?
D4 muffling becomes diastolic
How does a cuff that is too big effect BP?
falsly low
