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BDS1 BAMS histology and head and neck anatomy > head and neck > Flashcards

head and neck Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 8 cranial bones?

A
  • ethmoid
  • frontal
  • occipital
  • parietal (2)
  • sphenoid
  • temporal (2)
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2
Q

what are the 14 facial bones?

A

inferior concha (2)
lacrimal (2)
mandible
maxilla (2)
nasal (2)
palatine (2)
vomer
zygoma (2)

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3
Q

what are the cranial sutures?

A

coronal
sagittal
lambdoid

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4
Q

what is a cranial frontanelle?

A

soft spot where sutures join

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5
Q

what do frontanelles allow?

A

growth of a childs brain during first year of development

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6
Q

which bones comprise the cranial base?

A
  • ethmoid
  • frontal
  • occipital
  • sphenoid
  • temporal (pertrous)
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7
Q

which bone in the skull is ‘butterfly shaped’?

A

shpenoid

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8
Q

what is the foramen magnum?

A

a passage of the central nervous system through the skull connecting the brain with the spinal cord

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9
Q

where is the zygoma?

A

down past side of eye to cheek

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10
Q

where is the ethmoid bone?

A

back of eye

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11
Q

where is the lacrimal bone?

A

inner eye

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12
Q

why is the zygoma bone set back?

A

to increase peripheral vision

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13
Q

where is the sphenoid bone?

A

middle of side profile of the skull

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14
Q

what is the name of the artery behind the squamous part of the temporal bone?

A

middle meningeal artery

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15
Q

what is the pterion?

A

an H-shaped bony neurological landmark found at the junction of the frontal, sphenoid, parietal and the squamous part of temporal bone

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16
Q

what is the thinnest bone in the body?

A

lacrimal bone

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17
Q

what is the optic foramen?

A

the opening through which the optic nerve runs back into the brain and the large ophthalmic artery enters the orbit

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18
Q

what are the superior/inferior orbital fissures?

A

superior orbital fissure is the slit in the posterior wall of the orbit. It passes through to the middle cranial fossa within the cranial cavity. The inferior orbital fissure is the slit in the floor of the orbit passing to the infratemporal fossa

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19
Q

where is and what is the function of the infraorbital foramen?

A

located on the maxillary bone about 1 cm inferior to the infraorbital margin, the infraorbital nerve and vessels are transmitted through this foramen

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20
Q

what is the bone at the back of the nose?

A

ethmoid

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21
Q

what is the front of the nose made of?

A

septal cartilage

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22
Q

which vein drains most the head and neck?

A

internal jugular vein

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23
Q

what artery supplies the head, neck and brain?

A

common carotid artery

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24
Q

what are branches of the common carotid artery?

A

internal and external carotid artery

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25
Q

which artery supplies the brain?

A

the internal carotid artery

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26
Q

which artery supplies the head and neck?

A

the external carotid artery

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27
Q

what are the small branches of the common carotid artery?

A

Ascending pharyngeal
Superior Thyroid
Lingual
Facial
Occipital- back of head
Posterior Auricular- behind ear
Superficial temporal
Maxillary

28
Q

what does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?

A

the pharynx

29
Q

what does the superior thyroid artery supply?

A

thyroid gland

30
Q

what does the lingual artery supply?

A

the floor of the mouth

31
Q

where does the retromandibular vein come from?

A

the superficial temporal vein

32
Q

what does the external jugular vein drain?

A

external structures eg posterior auricular vein and retro-mandibular vein

33
Q

what are the cavernous sinuses?

A

drain the blood from the orbits through the ophthalmic veins and from the anterior part of the base of the brain by the sphenoparietal sinus and the middle cerebral veins

34
Q

danger triangle

A

from the bridge of the nose down to the corners of the mouth- risk of surface infection travelling to the brain

35
Q

what is the function of venous sinuses?

A

drain oxygen-depleated blood from the brain

36
Q

what does the emissary veins do?

A

connect the veins outside the cranium to the venous sinuses inside the cranium. They drain from the scalp, through the skull, into the larger meningeal veins and dural venous sinuses

37
Q

what does the emissary veins do?

A

connect the veins outside the cranium to the venous sinuses inside the cranium. They drain from the scalp, through the skull, into the larger meningeal veins and dural venous sinuses

38
Q

what is the risk involved with the emissary vein?

A

infection travelling straight from scalp into brain

39
Q

what direction does the brain drain?

A

towards the back

40
Q

what nerves are most commonly anaesthetised?

A

maxillary and mandibular

41
Q

what bones are part of the temporomandibular joint?

A

head of mandible
mandibular fossa
articular tubercle

42
Q

what are the ligaments of the temporomandibular joint?

A

sphenomandibular ligament
lateral ligament

43
Q

what is the function of discs?

A

protect the joints

44
Q

bones of TMJ

A
  • mental foreman
  • mylohyoid line
  • mental spine
45
Q

what is the name of the bone from your ear down to your jaw?

46
Q

which part of the mandible forms the TMJ?

A

condylar process

47
Q

what nerve passes through the mandibular foramen?

A

inferior alveolar nerve- aneasthetising

48
Q

what is the modified hinge joint in the TMJ?

A

synovia joint

49
Q

what is the mandibular condyle?

A

the process on the mandible that articulates with the disk of the TMJ

50
Q

what is the mandibular fossa?

A

an oval depression behind the anterior root of the zygomatic process of temporal bone for the reception of the condyle of the mandible

51
Q

what is the styloid process?

A

projects from the inferior part of the petrous temporal bone and offers attachment to the stylohyoid ligament and the stylohyoid, stylopharyngeus, and styloglossus muscles

52
Q

what does the fibrocartilaginous disc do inside the capsule?

A

divides the cavity onto a superior and inferior compartment
- gliding and hinge movement

53
Q

when is the joint most stable?

A

when the mandible is elevated and teeth are occluded (mouth is closed)

54
Q

what is the most common injury of the TMJ?

A

forward dislocation

55
Q

what is the blood supply of the TMJ?

A

External carotid artery: superficial temporal and maxillary branches

56
Q

what is the nerve supply of the TMJ?

A

Auriculotemporal and Masseteric nerves which are both derived from Vc:Trigeminal nerve

57
Q

what is the only muscle which opens the mouth?

A

lateral pterygoid

58
Q

where does the medial pterygoid arise and insert?

A

medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and inserts onto the medial surface of the mandible and ramus

59
Q

where does the lateral pterygoud arise and insert?

A

arises infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid and lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and inserts into the neck of the mandible at the foeva and to the capsule and intra-capsular disc

60
Q

What divides the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

61
Q

What is the mylohyoid muscle?

A

Forms the floor of the mouth

62
Q

What are the 9 laryngeal cartilages?

A
  • thyroid
  • cricoid
  • epiglottis
  • arytenoid 2
  • corniculate 2
  • cuneiform 2
63
Q

what joins the left and right lobes of the thyroid gland?

64
Q

what supplies the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve (C 3,4,5)

65
Q

What supplies majority of muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

BDS1 BAMS histology and head and neck anatomy (12 decks)

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