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2 - BB/HD > HD, men's, sexual and women's health > Flashcards

HD, men's, sexual and women's health Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the central zone surround?

A

Ejaculatory duct

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2
Q

What does the transitional zone surround?

A

Urethra

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3
Q

Which zone is affected by carcinoma?

A

Peripheral

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4
Q

Which zone is affected by BPH?

A

Transitional

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5
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Alpha 1 blocker

Relaxes smooth muscle to make urination easier

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6
Q

Finasteride

A

5a reductase inhibitor
Reduces testosterone –> DHT
Reduced proliferation or prostatic cells

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7
Q

What surgery for BPH can be performed?

A

TUPR
Open prostatectomy
Laser ablation
High energy ultrasound therapy

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8
Q

Which side do indirect inguinal hernias most commonly occur on?

A

Right

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9
Q

How does parasympathetic outflow lead to erection?

A 
Release on NO 
Activation of guanylate cyclase 
GTP --> cGMP 
Smooth muscle relaxation 
Enlarged lacunar spaces 
Engorgement of blood 
Blockage of venous return 
Increased pressure 
Rigidity 
Erection
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10
Q

What chemical breaks down cGMP

A

PDE-5

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11
Q

Sildenafil

A

PDE-5 inhibitor
Helps maintain erection
Relies upon working nerves to initially activate parasympathetic outflow

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12
Q

What is a penile prosthesis?

A

Inflatable tube replaces corpora cavernosum
Pump in scrotum
Can fill with fluid to cause rigidity

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13
Q

Peyronie’s disease

A

Scar tissue formation of the tunica albuginea
Results in a misshaped penis
Can be painful in intercourse
Treated by stretching and massage, topical verapamil and surgery

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14
Q

What is varicocele?

A

Abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform veins

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15
Q

Which side does varicocele occur on and why?

A

Left

Testicular vein drains to left renal vein at an angle

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16
Q

How is varicocele treated?

A

Embolisation

Surgery

17
Q

How can varicocele cause infertility?

A

Increased temperature of the testes

Makes spermatogenesis less effective

18
Q

Most common STIs in men

A 
Chlamydia
Genital warts
Gonorrhoea 
Herpes 
Syphilis
19
Q

Most common STIs in women

A 
Chlamydia 
Genital warts 
Herpes 
Gonorrhoea 
Syphilis
20
Q

What pathogens causes chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis
Gram negative
Intracellular

21
Q

What do serovars L of chlamydia cause?

A

Lymphgranuloma venerum
Buboes/abscesses
Proctitis

22
Q

What is neonatal chlamydia?

A

Conjunctivitis

Pneumonia

23
Q

How is chlamydia treated

A

Azithromycin

Doxycycline

24
Q

What are the complications of chlamydia?

A

Infertility

Reactive arthritis

25
Q

Which strains of HPV causes cancer?

A

16, 88, 31, 33

26
Q

Which strains of HPV causes genital warts?

A

6, 11

27
Q

How are genital warts treated?

A

Topical imiquimod

Cryotherapy

28
Q

Pathogen for gonorrhoea

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

Gram negative diplococci

29
Q

Neonatal gonorrhoea

A

Conjunctivitis

30
Q

Complications of gonorrhoea

A

Infertility
Septic arthritis
Blindness
Septicaemia

31
Q

Treatment of gonorrhoea

A

Ceftriaxone

32
Q

Herpes 1 vs 2

A 
1 = oral 
2 = genital
33
Q

Where does herpes often hide in latency?

A

Trigeminal ganglion

Sacral ganglion

34
Q

How is herpes treated?

A

Acyclovir

35
Q

What is the pathogen in syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum
Spirochaete
Gram negative

36
Q

What is primary syphilis?

A

Primary infection
Priary chancre
Highly infectious
Serology often negative

37
Q

What is secondary syphilis?

A 
4-10 weeks after primary infection 
Rash (especially palms and soles of feet) 
Generalised lymphadenopathy 
Condyloma lata (wart like lesions) 
Highly infectious 
Serology positive
38
Q

What is tertiary syphilis?

A

3-15 years after initial infection
Not infectious
Gummatous –> tumour like balls of inflammation
Neurosyphilis –> stroke, dementia, seizures
Cardiovascular –> aneurysms

39
Q

Congenital syphilis

A

Often assymptomatic at birth

Go on to develop hepatosplenomegly, rash, fever, rhinitis and neurosyphilis

2 - BB/HD (8 decks)

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