HCS2023 WEEK 9 LECTURE

Question 1

define speech in terms of anatomy and neurology

Answer 1

auditory, somatosensory, motor representation for linguistic info to be conveyed, also involving cerebral cortex, and associated subcortical structures

Question 2

how do children learn language via feedback systems

Answer 2

when delivering target to child, they take in auditory info and have a go at copying sound
they get somatosensory feedback from sound production and motor feedback
each time they practice it, they get closer to their target

Question 3

define articulation

Answer 3

physiological movements to modify airflow using vocal tract above larynx

Question 4

define phonetics

Answer 4

production and classification of speech sound (way you say it sounds different)

Question 5

define phonology

Answer 5

how meaning contrasts, how phonemes may be legally sequenced to form word

Question 6

define morphology

Answer 6

internal word structures, how can be analysed as word element

Question 7

define perception (in term of language)

Answer 7

includes discrimination from environmental sound and perception of known phonemes from not known and phonetic variationa

Question 8

define discrimination (in terms of language)

Answer 8

occur at different levels of sound, word, from close phonological forms and within multisyllabic words

Question 9

age 1, what phonemes are developed

Answer 9

b, d, m, n
then m, h

Question 10

what is PCC (% consonants correct)

Answer 10

what level of competency child has in terms of their speech-sound system (not clinicaly super useful)

Question 11

what is PVC (%vowels correct) and what can this indicate age 2-3

Answer 11

if limited use of vowels, is a cause for concern

Question 12

outline variation in intelligibility ages 2-5

Answer 12

2, only 26-50%
but is 71-80% age 3 = if parent can only understand 50% at this age this is a cause for concern

Question 13

what is concluded regarding intervention for intelligbility

Answer 13

listen to parent when cannot understand their own child
nearly 42% didn’t reach intelligiblity comparative to age appropriate level by 7

Question 14

what is differential diagnosis

Answer 14

systematic approach to assessment and analysis, know whats typical at age/context, analyse data collected and identify speech process, pattern of error

Question 15

name long term impacts of SSD

Answer 15

learning (difficulty recalling with literacy, maths)
general tasks (frustration, lost inderpendence)
communication issues
interpersonal issues (withdrawal, bullying)

Question 16

name red flags for SSD

Answer 16

1. late canonical babble (after age 1)
2. glue ear
3. glottal replacement when not accent
4. initial consonent deletion
5. small phonetic vocab (small amount of consonants, vowels)
6. inventory constraint= miss consonants
7. backing = replace sound made at front of mouth with sound made in back

Question 17

define backing

Answer 17

replacing sound made in front of mouth with sound made in back of mouth
gog for dog

Question 18

what are early childhood risk factors of SSD

Answer 18

weak sucking age 4 weeks, issues weaning
not combining word 2years
limited word morphology 3 years, and unintelligble

Question 19

name some school-age predictors of SSD /risk factor

Answer 19

maternal report of difficulty reporting certain sound, hear impared age 7
history of coordination problems

Question 20

name general risk factors of SSD

Answer 20

male, hearing problem, reactivity (temperaments)

Question 21

name some protective factors of SSD

Answer 21

breastfed, temperament persistence, maternal wellbeing, parents status as speaking languages other than English)

Question 22

what is DDCS regarding SSD classifications

Answer 22

descriptive-linguistic based Dodd
analyse way child presents ie phonological delay, articulation disorders, childhood apraxia of speech

Question 23

define SSD

Answer 23

difficulty with perception, articulation/motor production, phonological organisation, representation of speech

Question 24

what 2 catagories is SSD split into

Answer 24

phonology (phonological impairment, inconsistent speech disorder)
motor (articulation impairment, childhood apraxia of speech, childhood dysarthria)

Question 25

define phonological impairment

Answer 25

cog linguistic difficulty with learning phonological systems, characterised by pattern based errors

Question 26

define inconsistent speech disorder

Answer 26

phonology assembly difficulty, with inconsistent production of same lexical items

Question 27

define articulation impairment

Answer 27

problem with physical production in speech

Question 28

define childhood apraxia of speech

Answer 28

involves difficulty planning, programming movement sequences

Question 29

define childhood dysarthria

Answer 29

difficulties with sensorimotor control processes for speech production

Question 30

define phonology

Answer 30

how sound put together to form words, how sounds contrast and convey meaning

Question 31

name general phonological process issues

Answer 31

reduplication, final consonent deletion, weak syllable detection, cluster reduction

Question 32

name some phonological errors

Answer 32

predominant one sound
backing
sound substitution
emergence of later developing sound before earlier

Question 33

what can articulation disorders be due to

Answer 33

craniofacial anomalies, hearing loss and dysarthria

Question 34

what is independent analysis

Answer 34

independent of an adults form, what did thye attempt and what sounds can they use, irrespective of accuracy

Question 35

what is relational analysis

Answer 35

in relation to adult form, what sounds are omitted or changed, what phoneme have htye got

Question 36

what is DEAP

Answer 36

diagnostic evaluation of articulation and phonology