HCS2023 WEEK 8

Question 1

name 3 universal target intervention which have been designed, delivered and evaluated in low SES area

Answer 1

talking time, talk boost, nuffield early language intervention

Question 2

what do research studies normally study regarding mother-child interaction and SES

Answer 2

quantity of child-direct speech
mother sensitivity
quality of interaction (different word, diversity of word, type of communicative function, responsiveness)

Question 3

what does SES include

Answer 3

maternal education
family income
characteristics of area of residence
parental occupation

Question 4

what can measures of SES include?

Answer 4

postcode data
means tests and low income indicator (free-school meal)
mothers completed last year of school?
family literacy measures
number of books in home
poverty line

Question 5

what ethnicity has highest amount of poverty in UK?

Answer 5

Pakistani/Bangladeshi

Question 6

what can financial capital include

Answer 6

income
disposable income
wealth
security

Question 7

outline cultural capital

Answer 7

from a wealthy background but suddenly lost source of financial capital, would still be priveliged

Question 8

what is social capital?

Answer 8

relationships that you’ve got between people that help you (include bonding, bridging and linking)

Question 9

define bonding social capital

Answer 9

derived from relationships between similar persons (similar sociodemographics, socioeconomic)

Question 10

define bridging social capital

Answer 10

derived from dissimilar persons at same level of hierarchy

Question 11

define linking social capital

Answer 11

conceptualised as relationships between persons across levels of hierarchy and power

Question 12

what is habitus

Answer 12

Bourdieu classic theory in how social and cultural reproduction happens - how pass on social advantage/disadvantages

Question 13

how are children defined as disadvantaged in education

Answer 13

eligible for free school meals, having been looked after for at least 1 day, adopted

Question 14

whats positionality

Answer 14

social, political context creates your identity of race, class, gender, sexuality, ability status
how your identity can bias understanding and outlook on world

Question 15

what can maternal language input from different SES have significant consequences on

Answer 15

vocab, syntax, lang processing skills
cognitive skill (EF)
math skill
social skill

Question 16

instead of SES, what can be a significant risk for late language emergence age 2

Answer 16

familial history of LLE, male gender, early neurobiological growth

Question 17

what did Victoria Language Study find, regarding SES

Answer 17

risk factor age 2 accounts small amount of variation for language outcome
age 4, moderately able to predict low language ability with range of risk factors

Question 18

critically evaluate population study

Answer 18

+standardised language assessment
- postcode data and school attendence

Question 19

name environmental explanations of SES relationship with poor language

Answer 19

maternal education
quantity of child-direct speech
mother sensitivity (prompting appropriate response, aligning talk with child gaze)
quality of interactions

Question 20

outline how culture/socialisation can impact developing language in children

Answer 20

infant direct, contingent, reciprocal talk is anomalous globally, is socio-culturally defined also
children who receive very little direct interaction still reaches linguistic milestone

Question 21

outline Hart & Riesly longitudinal research on expressive language of mother-child dyads from varying SES in USA

Answer 21

every month for 2.5yr, families observed/recorded at home
found low SES used smaller number/range of word
positive correlation with SES and number of utterances addressed
1500 word gap (2100 words an hour vs 600 words an hour)

Question 21

name issues of Hart & Riesly longitudinal research

Answer 21

concluded children had issues = they were fine, just being compared to their more well off peers
biased recruitment (friends, only 1 black couple)
didn’t include non-words (children have other words for object)
Sperry found that when ethnographically informed, no word gap

Question 22

outline Sperry’s research against Hart & Riesly longitudinal research

Answer 22

when looked at family as whole, naturalistic, and counted all heard talk, word gap disappeard and low SES hear more language

Question 23

in conclusion, what should be done in clinical practice, regarding SES

Answer 23

treat all children with language issue same, despite SES or possible causes