HC5. Online Support Seeking

Question 1

Support seeking definition

Answer 1

“the strategy of turning to other people in the face of stressful events”

Question 2

Types of support (2)

Answer 2

(1) informational support (getting information)

2) emotional support (share story, receive empathic response

Question 3

Online support seeking pro & con

Answer 3

Pro: wellbeing & self-efficacy
Con: co-rumination (focusing and keep talking about problem with peers)

Question 4

Co-rumination definition

Answer 4

you keep on talking about your problem with someone else (really go into detail).

Question 5

Structural support definition

Answer 5

The number and pattern of (in)direct social ties around an individual

Question 6

Perceived support

Answer 6

• Beliefs about the availability of support

- When in stress, availability of support helps reappraisal of the situation

Question 7

Chatbots and received support

Answer 7

(1) Instrumental (e.g., groceries) > NO
(2) Informational (e.g., flight ticket) > YES
(3) Emotional > DEBATABLE

Question 8

Support adequacy

Answer 8

Evaluations of quantity / quality of received support > enough support and good support?

Question 9

Comparison study A with B

Answer 9

A: perceived social support (availability of support > effective!)

B: support adequacy (quality of support > ineffective)

Cannot compare

Question 10

Online support groups

Answer 10

An online group where peers share experiences about a common theme (e.g., depression)

Question 11

Participation styles (3)

Answer 11

(1) reading
(2) responding
(3) posting

Question 12

Participation in internet support groups depends on (2)

Answer 12

(1) mood (feeling ok = support others / feeling not ok = read or post about self)
(2) community commitment (feeling at home)

Question 13

Chatbot types (3)

Answer 13

(1) information > pre-defined/sticks to topics the chatbot knows (e.g., Ryanair flight ticket)
(2) emotional > complex, conversation range is larger, therapy
(3) companionship > chatbot as friend (broadest conversations)

Question 14

Cyberbullying definition

Answer 14

= aggressive behavior through electronic means of communication (e.g., email, SNSs, private messaging), that is intentional and repeated over time towards another person that cannot easily defend him/herself

Question 15

Reasons for online disinhibition (2)

Answer 15

(1) anonimity

(2) distance to interaction partner

Question 16

Types of online disinhibition (2)

Answer 16

(1) Benign disinhibition (Online environment lowers thresholds for things that people find hard to talk about offline)
(2) Toxic disinhibitions (nice online, not nice offline)

Question 17

Self-disclosure definition

Answer 17

Intentional sharing of one’s thoughts, feelings or personal experiences

Question 18

Disclosure decision model (DDM): subjective utility

Answer 18

How individuals perceive the value of the outcome after self-disclosing (e.g., “Is self-disclosing going to help me: yes/no”)

Question 19

DDM breadth vs frequency (what happens with these when high utility?)

Answer 19

breadth: number of topics
frequency: number of words (how often you self-disclose)
> more frequent self-disclosure and lower self-disclose breadth

Question 20

Subjective risk (DDM), predicts…

Answer 20

= potential risks anticipated by the self-disclosure, such as social rejection, betrayal, or making the listener feel uncomfortable

Risk predicts intimacy (degree of personal/intimate information, lower when high risk)

Question 21

Results study 1 chatbot vs counselor (breadth, frequency, intimacy)

Answer 21

• breadth: more topics discussed with chatbot (less to the point)
• frequency: more words towards counselor
• intimacy: more intimacy towards chatbot (no fear of judgement)

Question 22

Results study 2 (bystander vs victim: breadth, frequency and intimacy)

Answer 22

• breadth: bystander more topics
• freq: victim more words
• intimacy: bystander more intimate

Question 23

Results study 3 (perceived anonimity and fear of judgement, breadth/freq/intimacy)

Answer 23

• breadth: more topics towards counselor / bystander-victim equal
• frequency: more words towards counselor / bystander-victim equal
• intimacy: more intimate towards counselor / victim more intimate than bystander