HB CB Flashcards
three main central goals to conservation biology:
- study global biodiversity and its decline.
- how human populations impacts biodiversity and ecosystem health
- develop practical solutions to reduce these threats and restore biological diversity.
The Core Principles of Conservation Biology (5)
Protection of Biodiversity
Science Focused
Multi-disciplinary
Responsive
Value Driven
SCB
Society for Conservation Biology
When was the Convention on Biodiversity at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro signed?
1992
Genetic diversity is
diversity within an individual species,
different configurations of features, that can be seen on individuals of the same species of plant or animal
less genetic diversity within a population can lead to inferior offspring leading to further population declines
Inbreeding depression
Species Diversity. Two main measurements:
- Species richness (how many different individual species)
- species evenness (the variance in population size between species within the community.)
An Ecosystem Diversity is made up of
the habitats, different communities and ecological processes and the variety of ecosystems in an area
Sixth major extinction episode
Holocene Extinction
IPBES
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Exponentially increasing biodiversity losses were being driven by human impact on the planet and identified 5 main drivers of change:
- Changes in land and sea use
- Direct exploitation of organisms and resources
- Climate change
- Pollution
- Alien invasive species
Why is it Important to Protect Biodiversity? (5)
Natural Resource Value
Ecosystem Service Value
Recreational and Cultural Value
Economic Value
Intrinsic value
The global value of ecosystem services has been valued at:
$33 trillion
the living components of an ecosystem. They are sorted into three groups: consumers, producers, and decomposers
Biotic factors
the non-living components of an ecosystem e.g. light, water, soil, minerals etc.
Abiotic factors
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
The large majority of conservation research often focuses on
identifying the impact of habitat destruction on individual species, or a collective group of species from certain habitats.
A positive interaction for one species but has a negative on the other
Predation / Parasitism / Herbivory interaction
A negative interaction for both species
Competition interaction
A positive interaction for both species
Mutualism or Symbiosis interaction
An interaction between two species where one species will gain benefits, whereas the other species will neither be positively nor negatively affected
Commensalism
Interactions between species, similar to competition where the outcome is positive for one species and negative for the other
Amensalism
A form of competition between members of the same species
Intra-specific competition
A form of competition between members of the different species
Inter-specific competition