HAZMAT chapter 5 Flashcards
types of breaches
-disintegration
-runaway cracking
-attachments (closures) open or break
-puncture
-split or tear
different types of releases
-detonation
-violent rupture
-rapid relief
-spill/leak
common dispersion patterns
-hemispheric
-cloud
-plume
-cone
-stream
-pool
-irregular
first responders at hazmat incidents involving pressure containers need to consider the following common stressors
-thermal
-chemical
-mechanical
most common breach from cryogenic containers
releases from pressure relief devices and damaged fittings
common breaches of solids holding containers
-punctures
-splits
-tears
low pressure storage tanks operating pressures
0.5-15 psi
atmospheric storage tank pressure
0.5 psi
common types of atmospheric tanks
-horizontal
-ordinary cone roof tanks
-open and closed roof floating-roof tanks
-lifter roof tanks
-vapordome roof tanks
high pressure tank trucks aka MC-331 tank pressures
100-500 psi, capacity of 3,000-11,000 gallons
cryogenic tank trucks aka MC-338, TC-338, or SCT-338 tank pressures
less than 25 psi- 500 psi, capacity of 8,000- 10,000 gallons
initial evacuation distances for all tanks trucks involved in a fire
1 mile
low pressure chemical tank trucks aka MC-307 or DOT/TC-407 tank pressures
25-35 psi, capacity of 5,500-7,000 gallons
non pressure cargo tank trucks aka MC-306 or DOT/TC-406 tank pressures
less than 4 psi, max capacity is 14,000 gallons, typical capacity range from 1,500-10,000 gallons
corrosive liquid tanks aka MC-312 or DOT/TC-412 tank pressures
35-55 psi, capacity of 3,300-6,300 gallons
compressed gas/ tube trailers tank pressure
2,400-5,000 psi
dry bulk cargo trailers pressures
15-20 psi
tank car categories
-low pressure/non pressure tank cars
-pressure tank cars
-cryogenic liquid tank cars
pressure tank cars test pressure
100-600 psi, capacities from 4,000-34,000 gallons
cryogenic liquid tank cars pressure
usually below 25 psi
low pressure tank cars
transport hazardous and non hazardous solids and liquids with vapor pressures below 25 psi at 105F-115F. Test pressures are 60 and 100 psi. Tank capacities from 4,000-34,000 gallons
three general classifications of intermodal tank containers are
-pressure intermodal tanks
-specialized intermodal tanks
-low pressure intermodal tanks (non pressure)
low pressure intermodal tank pressures
as high as 100 psi
two common groups of low pressure intermodal tanks
IM 101 portable tanks, 25.4-100 psi
IM 102 portable tanks, 14.5-25.4 psi
pressure intermodal tank pressures
100-500 psi transports liquified gases under pressure
specialized intermodal tanks tube module transport MAWPS (maximum allowable working pressure)
2,400-5,000 psi
ton containers capacities
1 short ton approximately 2,000 pounds
ton containers may also contain
sulfur dioxide
anhydrous ammonia
freon
Y ton containers
7’ long
wall thickness of 0.6 inches
empty weigh 1,200 lbs
water capacity of 120 gallons or 16 cubic feet
type of containers radioactive material is shipped in by increasing level of radioactive hazard
- expected (no risk to public, low radiation)
- industrial
- Type A
- Type B
- Type C
Instantaneous and explosive release of stored chemical energy of a hazardous material. Duration can be measured in hundredths or thousandths of a second. Explosion is an example of this
Detonation
Fast release of a pressurized hazardous material through properly operating safety devices. This action may occur in a period of several seconds to several minutes. Damaged valves, piping, attachments, or holes in the container can result in this.
Rapid release
Slow release of a hazardous material under atmospheric or head pressure through, holes, rips, tears, or usual openings/ attachments. Can last from several minutes to several days
Spill/ leak
Semicircular or dome shaped pattern of airborne hazardous materials that is still partially in contact with the ground or water. Results from a rapid release of energy (detonation, deflagration, and violent rupture)
Hemispheric
Ball shaped pattern of the airborne hazardous material that collectively rises above the ground or water. Gases, vapors, and finely divided solids that release quickly can disperse in this form under minimal wind conditions.
Cloud
Irregularly shaped pattern of airborne hazardous material where wind and or topography influence the downrange course from the point of release. Is affected by vapor density and terrain, wind speed and direction
Plume
Triangular shaped pattern of a hazardous material with a point source at the breach and a wide base downrange.
Cone
Surface following pattern of a liquid hazardous material that is affected by gravity and topographical contours.
Stream
Three dimensional including depth, slow flowing liquid dispersion. Liquids assume the shape of their container and pool in low areas. Can form a stream
Pool
Or indiscriminate deposit of a hazardous material such as that carried by contaminated responders
Irregular
Common stressors for pressure containers
-thermal
-chemical
-mechanical
Common dispersion patterns from pressure containers include
-hemispheric pattern
-cloud
-plume
-cone
MC-331 cargo tank trucks
-high pressure tank trucks 100-500 psi
-large hemispheric heads on both ends
-uninsulated, single shell vessels
-transport liquefied gas, high vapor pressure liquids, and highly hazardous materials such as parathion
-bolted manway
-typically white or other reflective paint scheme
MC-338 cryogenic tank trucks
-cargo tanks with pressures less than 25-500 psi
-well insulated aluminum or steel vacuum sealed shells
-liquified gases by lowering temps (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen)
-round tank with flat ends
-loading unloading station at either rear or in front of the rear dual wheels
-permanent markings or an identifiable manufacturer name, proper shipping name
-emergency shutoffs left front and right rear
MC-307 low pressure chemical tank trucks
-carry liquids including flammable/ combustible liquids, mild corrosives, and some toxics
-tank pressure of 25-35 psi
-rounded or horseshoe shaped ends
-stiffening rings may be visible or covered
-emergency shutoff left front (hydraulic or pneumatic)
-protected manway assembly
MC-306 non pressure cargo tank trucks
-pressures less than 4 psi
-carry flammable/ combustible liquids (gasoline, fuel oil, alcohol)
-fire control is a primary concern
-oval shape
-multiple compartments
-commonly involved in liquid spills or leaks
-manway assemblies on top
MC-312 corrosive liquid tank trucks
-pressure of 35-55 psi
-carry corrosives
-small diameter round shape
-exterior stiffening rings (visible on uninsulated tanks)
-discolored loading/ unloading area
Compressed gas tube trailers
-pressures 2,400-5,000 psi
-carry helium, hydrogen, methane, oxygen, and other gases
-pressure relief device for each cylinder
-permanent markings for material or ownership
-bolted manway at front or rear
Pressure tank cars
-cylindrical
-rounded ends
-flammable, non flammable, and poisonous gases, flammable liquids, liquified gases
-pressures greater than 100 psi
-top loading cars
-out of sight fittings under housing on top of tank
Cryogenic tank cars
-pressures usually below 25 psi
-argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
-LNG and ethylene may be found in these containers at higher pressures
-isolation zone 1/2 mile
-insulation protects contents for 30 days
-tank within a tank
-fittings, pressure relief valves, venting in ground level compartments on sides or end of car
Low pressure tank cars
-transport hazard and non hazardous solids and liquids with vapor pressure below 25 psi
-cylindrical with rounded ends
-at least one man way access
-fittings visible at the top or bottom of the car
-up to 6 separate tanks inside
-fittings visible at the top and bottom
Pressure intermodal tank
-100-500 psi
-liquified gases under pressure
Low pressure intermodal tank
-most common intermodal tank
-may have pressures as high as 100 psi
-IM 101 portable tanks
-IM 102 portable tanks
Low pressure intermodal tank IM 101 portable tanks
-25.4 to 100 psi
-hazardous and non hazardous materials
Low pressure intermodal tank IM 102 portable tanks
-14.5 to 25.4 psi
-transport alcohols, pesticides, resins, industrial solvents, and flammable with flash points between 32-140 degrees F
-also transport non regulated materials
Specialized intermodal tank or container
-tube module transport pressures 2,400 to 5,000 psi
-cryogenic IMO type 7
-cryogenic liquid tanks carry refrigerated liquid gases, argon, oxygen, and helium
-dry bulk carry fertilizer, cement, plastic pellets
Facts about reporting marks on intermodal tanks
-found on right hand side as you face it
-can be used in conjunction with shipping papers or computer data to identify and verify contents
-intermodal tanks must have proper shipping names stenciled on two sides
Cold zone is the site for the following
-multiagency command post
-staging area
-donning/ doffing area
-backup teams
-research teams
-logistical support
-criminal investigation teams
-triage/ treatment/ rehab
-transportation areas
Staging is in the ____ zone of a hazmat scene
Cold zone
Triage priorities
Priority 1- life threatening injuries and illness
Priority 2- serious but not life threatening injuries
Priority 3- minor injuries
Priority 4- dead of fatally injured
High hazard flammable trains HHFT
Trains transporting multiple low pressure tank cars containing ethanol, crude oil, and other class 3 products
Y cylinders/ Y ton containers
Compressed gas cylinders that can be bulk or non bulk, typically classified as bulk. Typically 7’ long and 2’ in diameter
Y ton DOT/ TC-3AA
Seamless steel cylinder with a water capacity of not over 1,000 lbs
Service pressure of at least 150 psig
Y ton DOT/ TC-3AAX
A seamless steel cylinder with a water capacity of not less than 1,000 lbs
Service pressure of at least 500 psig
Ton containers
1 short ton 2,000 pounds
Typically stored on their sides
Ends are convex or concave
Have two valves in center of one end, one above the other
