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Fire lieutenant > Bc > Flashcards

Bc Flashcards

1
Q

First digit in sub classification

A

Fire resistance rating in hours of exterior bearing walls

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2
Q

Second digit in sub classification

A

Fire resistance rating of structural frames or columns and girders that support loads of more than one floor

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3
Q

Third digit in sub classification

A

Fire resistance rating of the floor construction

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4
Q

Type I (fire resistive) construction

A

Noncombustible structural components.

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5
Q

Type I bearing walls, columns, and beams fire resistance rating

A

2-4 hours

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6
Q

Type I floor construction fire resistance rating

A

2 or 3 hours

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7
Q

Type I roof deck and construction supporting the roof fire resistance rating

A

1-2 hours

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8
Q

Type I partitions separating occupants fire resistance rating

A

As specified by local building codes

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9
Q

Type I interior partitions enclosing stairwells and corridors fire resistance rating

A

Specified by local code, usually 1 or 2 hours

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10
Q

Type II-A (protected)

A

Requires that structural components have a 1 hour fire resistance

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11
Q

Type II B (unprotected)

A

Allows structural components to remain unprotected. The use of unprotected steel is the most common characteristic of unprotected, noncombustible construction

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12
Q

Type III exterior protected/ ordinary

A

Frequently constructed with exterior walls of masonry, or any combustible material with the required fire resistance rating can be used.

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13
Q

Type III interior structural components that are permitted to be wholly or partially combustible include

A

-walls
-columns
-beams
-floors
-roofs

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14
Q

A fundamental fire concern with type III construction

A

The combustible concealed spaces that are created between floor and ceiling joists and between studs in partition walls when they are covered with interior finish materials

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15
Q

Type III dimensions for floor joists

A

2”x10”

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16
Q

Type IV heavy timber or mill

A

The beams, columns, floors, and roofs are made of solid or laminated wood with dimensions greater than in type III. Concealed spaces are not permitted between structural components.

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17
Q

Type IV construction dimensions

A

Not less than 6”x10” for floors and beams, internal support columns are not less than 8”x8”

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18
Q

Type V wood frame

A

All major structural components are permitted to be of combustible construction. Many are required to have a 1-hour fire resistance rating for structural components

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19
Q

Fundamental problem with type V construction

A

Is the presence of extensive concealed voids

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20
Q

Nonreinforced masonry walls are usually limited to a maximum height of

A

6 stories

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21
Q

Most common method of supporting loads over openings in masonry walls

A

Lintels, followed by arches

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22
Q

If a single care hoistway is used access doors will be provided for rescue purposes and placed every

A

3 floors

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23
Q

When more than one hoistway is provided up to how many elevators are located in 1 hoistway

A

Four elevators

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24
Q

Fire doors are rated in increments of time from

A

20 minutes to 4 hours

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25
Q

When are 1/2 hour and 1/3 hour fire doors primarily used

A

Smoke barriers and openings to corridors

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26
Q

Class A fire doors

A

Openings in fire walls

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27
Q

Class B fire doors

A

Openings in vertical shafts and openings in 2-hour rated partitions

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28
Q

Class C fire doors

A

Openings between rooms and corridors having a fire resistance of 1-hour or less

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29
Q

Class D fire doors

A

Openings in exterior walls subject to severe fire exposure from the outside of a building

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30
Q

Class E fire doors

A

Openings in exterior walls subject to moderate or light exposure from the outside

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31
Q

Curtain walls functions

A

-Resist environmental loads
-control heat loss
-limit noise transmission
-limit solar radiation

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32
Q

Fire resistance rating of enclosure walls

A

One or two hours. 4 stories or less 1 hour rated enclosure. Taller than 4 stories 2 hour rated enclosure

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33
Q

How many pounds per square foot must a freestanding wall resist of a lateral load

A

5

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34
Q

Range in inches of a parapet wall above a combustible roof

A

18”-36”

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35
Q

Water supply
Sewers
Surveying
Site prep and excavation
Roadways
Storm water drainage

A

Civil engineering

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36
Q

Determination of loads
Foundation design
Structural behavior
Structural members
Structural erections

A

Structural engineering

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37
Q

HVAC
Pumping systems
Elevators
Plumbing systems

A

Mechanical engineering

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38
Q

Lighting
Power
Communications

A

Electrical engineering

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39
Q

Automatic sprinklers
Standpipes
Fire alarm
Smoke control
Building code compliance

A

Fire protection engineering

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40
Q

Final consideration in building design process

A

Landscaping

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41
Q

Area of refuge may not be required in buildings equipped with

A

An automatic sprinkler system

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42
Q

Areas of refuge

A

-stairway landings in a smoke proof enclosure
-balcony located adjacent to an exterior stair
-protected vestibule adjacent to an exit enclosure

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43
Q

First line of defense in many buildings

A

Automatic sprinkler system

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44
Q

A primary hazard of green design is

A

The tendency of components to increase the combustibility of the overall building

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45
Q

Buildings designed for a specific use

A

-grain silos
-aircraft hangars
-fire stations
-movie theaters

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46
Q

Before a fire, loss management activities will

A

-minimize risk present in specific occupancy classifications
-identify violations or vulnerabilities in business practices/ behaviors

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47
Q

During and after a fire, loss management activities

A

-minimize damage to the structure, exposures, and contents
-eliminate the chance that a fire will reignite in the structure
-reduce the amount of time needed to repair and reopen the business
-create goodwill for the fire department within the community
-minimize financial loss for the owner, occupant, insurance company, and the community

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48
Q

Spec building examples

A

Office plazas
Shopping malls
Light industrial buildings
Condos

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49
Q

Heat transfer methods

A

Convection
Thermal radiation

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50
Q

Passive fire barriers

A

-self supporting barrier walls between fire building and exposure
-blank walls of non combustible construction
-parapets on exterior masonry walls
-glass block panels in openings
-wired glass in steel sash windows

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51
Q

Active fire barriers

A

-automatic fire shutters or dampers
-automatic fire doors

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52
Q

Offensive fire strategies address

A

-life hazards
-structural stability
-risk benefit outweighs risk

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53
Q

Defensive fire strategies address

A

-volume of fire
-structural deterioration
-risk outweighs benefit
-structural conditions

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54
Q

Fire load

A

The product of the weight of the combustible multiplied by their heat of combustion, expressed in pounds per square.

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55
Q

Fire resistant describes several properties of material including

A

-combustibility
-thermal conductivity
-chemical composition
-density
-dimensions

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56
Q

Only test method currently universally accepted by building codes

A

E-119 test

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57
Q

Most commonly used method of satisfying building code requirements for structural fire resistance

A

Nfpa 251

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58
Q

Tension

A

Pulls material apart, tensile strength

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59
Q

Compression

A

Squeezes the material, compressive stress

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60
Q

Shear

A

Slides one plane of a material past an adjacent plane

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61
Q

Has high compressive strength but low tensile strength

A

Concrete

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62
Q

The total stresses within structural members must be ____ than the failure point for the structure to remain intact

A

Lower

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63
Q

Steady or applied gradually

A

Static loads

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64
Q

Involve motion and are capable of delivering energy greatly in excess of the weight of the object involved

A

Dynamic loads

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65
Q

How many pounds of water flowing at 250 gallons per minute

A

2,080 pounds of water per minute

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66
Q

3 inches of water adds a static load of _____

A

21 pounds per square foot

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67
Q

Effects of winds

A

-direct pressure
-drag
-negative pressure
-rocking
-vibration
-clean-off

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68
Q

Primary consideration when designing a building to withstand wind forces

A

Direct pressure

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69
Q

Common locations where walls may be insufficiently braced

A

Construction sites
Demolition sites
Fire-damaged buildings

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70
Q

Expected life span of a building

A

50 years

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71
Q

Most significant forces generated by an earthquake

A

Lateral loads that create horizontal motion

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72
Q

The pressure exerted by the soil against the foundation

A

Active soil pressure

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73
Q

The force of the foundation against the soil

A

Passive soil pressure

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74
Q

Supported beneath both ends and free to rotate. A wood joist resting on a masonry wall is an example.

A

Simply supported beam

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75
Q

Rigidly supported at both ends. Under fire conditions it may retain its load bearing ability longer than a simply supported beam.

A

Restrained beams

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76
Q

Supported at one end, must be able to support a vertical load in addition to resisting bending stress.

A

Cantilever beams

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77
Q

Similar to cantilever beams but with additional support

A

Overhanging beams

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78
Q

May span several vertical supports

A

Continuous beams

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79
Q

The top flange of the beam carries _____ stresses, and the bottom flange of the beam carries _____ stresses

A

Compressive / tensile

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80
Q

Structural members designed to support an axial load

A

Columns

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81
Q

Primary stresses created within a column

A

Compressive

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82
Q

Arch stresses

A

Compressive interior stresses

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83
Q

Top and bottom members of trusses

A

Chords

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84
Q

Middle section of trusses

A

Web or diagonals

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85
Q

Typical truss span

A

22-70 feet, modern construction may exceed 100 feet

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86
Q

Used for floor and roof construction in fire resistive and non combustible construction

A

Bar joists (light weight steel trusses)

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87
Q

Three dimensional trusses

A

Space frames

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88
Q

Steel stud wall stud placement

A

12-16 inches

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89
Q

Convenience stairs

A

Not part of egress, are open and connect only two levels per code limitations.

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90
Q

Buildings that are four or more stories in height may be required to include one stairway that extends to the roof for access to

A

Mechanical equipment and is identified by signage in the stairway

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91
Q

Tread, riser referred to as

A

Run and rise

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92
Q

Extend in one direction for their entire length

A

Straight run stairs

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93
Q

Have an intermediate landing between floors and reverse direction at that point. May have more than one landing where the height between floors is greater than normal

A

Return stairs

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94
Q

Are two separate sets of stairs constructed in a common shaft. Cheaper and more space efficient than two separate enclosures.

A

Scissor stairs

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95
Q

Often use a pair of return stairs for assembly occupancies that have large floor to ceiling heights.

A

Scissor stairs

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96
Q

Buildings that often include scissor stairs

A

Airport terminals
Convention centers
Malls
Cinema complexes

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97
Q

Are often found as grand stairs or convenience stairs serving only two levels. Min8mum width run is usually 10 inches.

A

Circular stairs

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98
Q

Consist of a series of steps spiraling around a single column to fit in a very small space. Used in residential primarily but also can be used in confined spaces such as a dry well in a sewage pumping station

A

Spiral stairs

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99
Q

Are actually ladders used to provide access to an attic space that does not have a permanent access stair. Added after construction to provide attic access

A

Folding stairs

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100
Q

Building codes have traditionally required a minimum of one smokeproof stair enclosure for stairs serving buildings

A

Five stories or higher, and more recently codes also require protection for stairs serving floor levels more than 30 feet below the level of exit discharge

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101
Q

Types of smoke control smoke-proof stair enclosures use

A

Active or passive smoke control

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102
Q

Uses moving mechanical or electrical parts that work as a system and require a power source for operation

A

Active fire protection

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103
Q

Does not require any system activation or movement. Relies on building construction and materials to contain fire or products of combustion.

A

Passive fire protection

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104
Q

primary safety hazard at conveyer penetrations during a fire

A

incomplete door or shutter closure

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105
Q

esclaltor speed

A

100 feet per minute, old ones at 90 or 120 feet per minute

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106
Q

Vertical penetrations for escalators serving more than ____ must be protected

A

2 floors

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107
Q

Most common protection for vertical openings in escalators

A

Is to use closely spaced sprinklers and draft stops around the openings

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108
Q

Service elevators

A

Are passenger elevators also designed to carry freight

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109
Q

Elevators that Open via fluid forced under pressure into a cylinder containing a piston or ram, do not have breaks

A

Hydraulic elevators

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110
Q

Practical limit for hydraulic elevators

A

About six stories

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111
Q

Elevators that use a hoisting cable and drum

A

Electric elevators

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112
Q

4 common styles of elevators

A

-drum elevators, passenger use
-traction elevators, passenger use
-machine room less (MRL) elevators, passenger use
-dumbwaiters, cargo use

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113
Q

Most common type of elevator in buildings over six stories

A

Traction elevators

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114
Q

Hoistways in atriums are not required to be

A

Enclosed

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115
Q

Elevator hoist way enclosure fire rating

A

1 or 2 hour rating

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116
Q

A building with ____ or fewer elevators may contain all ____ in a single hoistway.

A

3

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117
Q

Four or more elevators must have a minimum of ____ separate hoistways

A

2

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118
Q

Where more than one hoistway is provided, up to _____ elevators may be located in one hoistway.

A

Four

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119
Q

Are used for express elevators that serve the upper elevator zones in tall buildings

A

Blind hoistways

120
Q

If a single care hoistway is used, access doors will be provided for rescue every ____ floors

A

3

121
Q

What type of elevator is a top exit provided on

A

Electric traction elevators

122
Q

In a laundry chute sprinklers are required at

A

The top of the chute and in its termination room

123
Q

A Pipe chase contains piping needed for services including

A

Hot and cold water
Drain lines
Steam
Hot and chilled hvac water
Sprinkler piping

124
Q

Air filter using liquid adhesive may present a _____ hazard

A

Combustible liquid

125
Q

Systems that use extensive ducting are of great interest to fire protection engineers and firefighters because disadvantages include

A

-pathways for communication of heat and smoke through a building
-penetrations of fire rated assemblies that can destroy integrity
-dedicated use of substantial amounts of space

126
Q

hvac ducts enclosure fire rating for buildings less than 4 stories

A

1 hour

127
Q

HVAC duct enclosure fire rating for buildings 4 stories or greater

A

2 hour

128
Q

Hurricane glazing

A

Hvac systems may be used in a smoke control capacity

129
Q

Systems that can signal hvac controls to transfer to smoke control mode

A

-smoke detectors
-heat detectors
-sprinkler water flow switches

130
Q

Manual hvac smoke control should take ____ over the automatic control

A

Priority

131
Q

The advantages to manual smoke control include

A

Elimination of system disruption due to false alarms and more specific system control

132
Q

Vent hatchways minimum size opening

A

4 feet in either direction

133
Q

Depth of a draft curtain

A

Should not be less than 20 percent of the ceiling height

134
Q

Draft curtain (curtain boards) spacing

A

Not farther apart than 8 times the ceiling height

135
Q

Only style of smoke control for stairways

A

Smoke tower

136
Q

Smoke towers require the following concessions

A

-location on the periphery of the floor plan
-dedicated floor space in the building
-corridor access to the stairwell

137
Q

The single injection system

A

Uses a fan to supply air to a stairway at a single point

138
Q

A limitation to a single injection system

A

If stairwell doors are opened at a point close to the air supply, all of the air pressure can flow directly out of the stairwell

139
Q

Multiple injection systems

A

Use several discharge points along an air supply shaft running parallel to the stairwell for the supply fan

140
Q

High voltage equipment voltage requirement

A

600 volts or higher

141
Q

Low voltage equipment voltage

A

Less than 600 volts

142
Q

Inside transformer rooms or vaults fire protection rating without sprinklers

A

3 hour

143
Q

Inside transformers room or vaults fire protection rating with sprinklers

A

1 hour

144
Q

Interior finishes can include

A

-plaster
-gypsum wallboard
-wood paneling
-ceiling tiles
-plastic
-fiberboard
-wall coverings (decorative furnishings)

145
Q

Flame spread over a specific material can be measured and predicted in degrees known as the surface burning characteristics of the material when evaluating the following

A

-composition, orientation, and thickness of material
- ventilation
-shape and size of a compartment
-finish material on the ceiling or wall

146
Q

The most sign factor that determines a fuels burn rate is the combination of the

A

Fuel and the available oxygen

147
Q

Building codes usually exclude reference to surface treatments such as paint and wallpaper that are no thicker than

A

1/28 inch

148
Q

Types of fire retardant coatings available include

A

-intumescent coatings
-mastics
-gas forming paints
-cementitious and mineral fiber coatings

149
Q

The standard test used for measuring the surface burning characteristics of interior finishes is referred to as

A

ASTM E-84 (Steiner tunnel test, the tunnel test, ASTM E-84 UL 723)

150
Q

Flame spread ratings over ____ are not permitted in occupancies

A

200

151
Q

A measure of the relative visual obscurity in an area because of the smoke generated by a burning material

A

The smoke developed rating

152
Q

Fire walls must have sufficient fire resistance and structural stability to serve as an absolute barrier to a fire and structural collapse on either side of the ____

A

Wall

153
Q

Freestanding fire walls are usually found in what types of construction?

A

Type III and V

154
Q

Freestanding walls must be designed to resist a lateral load of at least

A

5 pounds per square foot

155
Q

Parapet wall height

A

18-36 inches

156
Q

Enclosure walls fire rating

A

1 or 2 hours

157
Q

Fire rating of enclosure walls in stairwells of buildings with four stories or lower

A

1 hour

158
Q

Fire resistance rating of enclosure walls in stairwells of buildings greater than 4 stories

A

2 hours

159
Q

Swinging fire door fire ratings

A

20 minutes to 3 hours

160
Q

Most common application of fire rated glazing

A

Fire doors

161
Q

Fire doors with ratings of 1-3 hours can have glass panels up to ____ square inches in area per door

A

100

162
Q

Fire doors with a rating of 1/2 or 1/3 hour can have fire rated glass up to the maximum area to

A

Which they were tested

163
Q

Fire doors with ratings of 3/4 hour can have total glass area

A

Consistent with their listing, below a stated maximum area

164
Q

Louvers in a fire door must automatically close under fire conditions usually by which mechanism

A

Fusible link

165
Q

Primary criterium and second criterium for acceptability of fire doors

A
  1. The fire door must remain securely in its frame during the flame test
  2. The fire door assembly must remain in place when subjected to a hose stream immediately following the fire test
166
Q

Location of labels on fire doors that pass a testing process

A

-on the top
-or on the hinge side of the door

167
Q

Information on labels or plates of fire doors that pass a testing process

A

-door type
-hourly rating
-identifying symbol of the testing laboratory

168
Q

Test pit for soil test depths

A

8 feet

169
Q

The use of a test pit permits the ____ layer of the soil to be observed and measured

A

Strata

170
Q

Several factors that influence the type and depth of the foundation include

A

-soil condition at the site
-the type of building
-the buildings intended structure and contents
-lateral forces (seismic and wind)
-working space requirements
-influence on adjacent exposures
-building codes and regulations

171
Q

Continuous strip of concrete that supports a wall

A

Wall footing

172
Q

A square pad of concrete that supports a column, limited to a relatively small load

A

Column footings

173
Q

Parallel structural beams (often steel), arranged in multiple layers at right angles to each other, and usually encased in concrete. Designed to transmit loads over a wider area than a column footing

A

Grillage footings

174
Q

Monolithic floor

A

Footings with increased thickness of a floor slab at its edges

175
Q

A thick slab beneath the entire area of a building. May be several feet thick and heavily reinforced

A

Mat slab foundation

176
Q

The weight of the soil removed is equal to the weight of the building. Constructed in the same way as a mat slab foundation

A

Floating foundation

177
Q

Are driven into the ground and support a load by transferring the load either through friction with the surrounding soil, or through contact with rock or other stable soil layer.

A

Piles

178
Q

Are a system of upright posts mounted to wedge shaped concrete piers that transfer the weight of the structure to the ground

A

Post and pier foundations

179
Q

Belled pier

A

When a pier is designed with a footing

180
Q

Types of building movement

A

-settlement-downward movement
-heaving- upward movement
-lateral displacement- outward movement

181
Q

Standard tensile strength of wood

A

About 700 psi

182
Q

Joints that can be used to transmit tensile stresses

A

Scarf and finger joints

183
Q

Laminated wood beam dimensions

A

3/4 - 2” thickness
3 - 75” depth
Lengths up to 100 feet

184
Q

Strongest of the three structural composite lumber (SCL) products

A

Parallel strand lumber (PSL)

185
Q

Thermoplastic composite lumber flame spread rating

A

80

186
Q

Plywood dimension

A

4’x8’

187
Q

Particle board max dimensions

A

8’x40’

188
Q

Materials for fire stopping

A

-2 inch nominal lumber
-gypsum board
-cement fiber board
-batts or blankets of mineral wool, glass fiber, or other approved materials

189
Q

Locations where fire stopping is required

A

-within stud walls at the ceiling and floor levels
-at the connection points between vertical stud wall spaces and horizontal spaces
-between stair stringers
-behind fascia and other architectural features

190
Q

Brick or veneers must be tied to the wood frame wall at intervals of

A

16 inches

191
Q

Type V-A construction

A

1 hour fire resistance

192
Q

Type V-B

A

Wood frame unprotected

193
Q

The thermal decomposition of wood and begins at a temperature somewhere below approximately ____ degrees F

A

392

194
Q

Is the total amount of thermal energy that can be released if the fuel is completely burned

A

The heat of combustion of a fuel

195
Q

Masonry supports ____ loads

A

Compressive

196
Q

Hollow concrete blocks most common nominal dimensions

A

8x8x16 inches

197
Q

Mortar is available in five basic types with compressive strengths ranging from

A

75 psi- 2,500 psi

198
Q

Fire rating of walls constructed with fire rated concrete masonry units or bricks

A

2-4 hours or more

199
Q

Nonreinforced masonry walls are usually limited to a maximum height of

A

Six stories

200
Q

Angled cut made at the end of a wood joist or wood beam that rests in a masonry wall to allow the beam to fall away freely from the wall in case of failure of the beam

A

Fire cut

201
Q

The most common method of supporting loads over openings in masonry walls

A

Lintel

202
Q

Used to improve the aesthetics of an arch over an opening in masonry walls

A

Corbelling

203
Q

A lintel beam is only required to support only the weight of a

A

Triangular section immediately above the lintel

204
Q

Strongest points in a masonry structure

A

The corners of a building, stairwells, or elevator shafts

205
Q

One potential problem with the use of tie rods is

A

That the steel rods can become heated under fire conditions and stretch, weakening the walls

206
Q

The bearing platers used where repairs have been undertaken are likely to be

A

Less compatible with the architecture of the building
Not uniformly positioned on a wall
Found in conjunction with other repairs

207
Q

One inherent disadvantage of steel is the tendency to rust when exposed to air and moisture. Ways steel can be protected from the formation of rust include

A

-painting the surface with a rust inhibiting paint
-coating the material with zinc and aluminum
-adding alloy elements that resist rust

208
Q

One common structural steel

A

ASTM A36

209
Q

Steel alloys with higher yield points have ____ ductility

A

Less

210
Q

The amount of expansion for slender steel members such as beams and columns can be determined through a property known as

A

The linear coefficient of thermal expansion

211
Q

An un restrained steel beam 20 feet long can expand ____ pushing at lateral constraints

A

1.4 inches

212
Q

Characteristic of steel most significant to the fire service

A

The deterioration of steel strength at elevated temperatures

213
Q

The speed of steel failure depends on several factors including

A

-type of steel
-mass of the steel members
-load supported by the steel
-type of connections used to join the steel members
-intensity of exposing fire

214
Q

Steel density

A

490 pounds per cubic feet

215
Q

Temperature hot enough to weaken steel to its yield point

A

1,200 degrees F

216
Q

Fire resistance of a steel column encased in 3 inches of concrete with a siliceous aggregate

A

Four hours

217
Q

Spray applied fire resistive materials thickness

A

7/8- 1 7/8 inches to produce fire resistive ratings of one to four hours

218
Q

Cementious materials density range

A

15-50 lb/ft3

219
Q

Water in gypsum board turns to steam upon exposure to fire and in doing so absorbs the heat

A

Calcination

220
Q

When heated intumescent coatings will expand to

A

Fifteen to thirty times its original volume

221
Q

Intumescent coatings thickness

A

0.03 to 0.4 inches

222
Q

A commonly used method of protecting a steel floor or roof assembly is the

A

Membrane ceiling

223
Q

Most common method of membrane ceilings

A

To use mineral tiles in a steel framework suspended by wires

224
Q

The basic method by which steel is used in the design of buildings is

A

The construction of a structural framework that supports the floors, roof, and exterior walls

225
Q

A ____ should be continuous from the foundation of a building to the highest story at which it is needed

A

Shear wall

226
Q

Open web joists dimensions

A

Available with depths up to 6 feet and span up to 144 feet. More frequently found with depths less than 2 feet and spans of 40 feet

227
Q

When round bars are used for diagonal members the open web truss is known as a

A

Bar joist

228
Q

Three dimensional steel space frames

A

Delta trusses

229
Q

Columns used for structural support in buildings should not have a slenderness ratio greater than ____

A

120

230
Q

Columns that are erected so they cannot rotate at their ends have fewer tendencies to ____ than columns that are free to rotate at their ends

A

Buckle

231
Q

Minimum lightweight concrete thickness of floors on open web joists

A

2 inches

232
Q

Light gauge steel joists dimensions

A

Depths of 6 to 12 inches
Can be spaced 16 to 48 inches apart

233
Q

The strongest part of the frame in gabled rigid frame structures

A

The knee joint between the roof and the wall

234
Q

The following three connection types increase the mass at the point of connection to make it the last item to fail within a structural system

A

Rigid connections
Gabled rigid frame structures
Steel connections

235
Q

The primary advantages of concrete

A

-produced from locally available and low cost raw materials
-fundamentally non combustible
-performs well under mild to moderate fire conditions
-good insulating properties

236
Q

The compressive strength of concrete

A

Can range from 2,500 to 6,000 psi

237
Q

Primary forces in an arch

A

Compressive

238
Q

Ordinary reinforcing of concrete

A

Uses steel bars placed in the formwork, and wet concrete is placed in the formwork around the bars

239
Q

Why is cutting through reinforcing steel with a saw or torch dangerous in post tensioned concrete

A

Because the steel is not bonded to the concrete. The steel strands are stretched like giant rubber bands. If they are cut they are likely to spring out of the concrete

240
Q

Uses steel strands stretched between anchors producing a tensile force in the steel. Concrete is then placed around the steel strands and allowed to harden. After the concrete has hardened sufficiently, the force applied to the steel strands is released

A

Pretensioned reinforcement concrete

241
Q

Uses reinforcing steel cables that are not tensioned until after the concrete has hardened to a certain strength. The forces that are produced in the post-tensioning process remain locked in the steel for the life of the assembly

A

Post tensioning reinforcement concrete

242
Q

Steel reinforcing cables and rods for prestressed concrete yield temperature

A

As low as 752 degrees F

243
Q

Precast concrete

A

Placed in forms and cured at a plant away from the job site

244
Q

Cast in place concrete

A

Is placed into forms at the building site as a wet mass and hardens in prepared forms

245
Q

Cast in place concrete buildings have a structural advantage over

A

Precast buildings because the nature of the construction of cast in place provides an inherent continuity in intersecting members

246
Q

Normal design strength of concrete is reached after _____ days

A

28

247
Q

Concrete must be kept between theses temperatures when curing

A

Ideally between 50 and 70 degrees F

248
Q

The fire resistance of concrete is affected by these variables

A

-concrete density
-concrete thickness
-concrete quality
-supported load
-depth of concrete over the reinforcing bars

249
Q

Heat sink effect

A

When concrete retains heat and releases it slowly

250
Q

Slab and beam concrete framing featuring concrete beams running in two directions is known as

A

Two way slab construction which is known as waffle construction

251
Q

Solid slab concrete short spans up to

A

Approximately 30 feet

252
Q

Tee slab concrete can be used for spans up to

A

120 feet

253
Q

Low slope roofs slope

A

Up to 3/12, meaning for each 12 units of horizontal dimension the roof slopes up 3 units

254
Q

Medium to high slope roofs have slopes of

A

4/12 to 12/12. A slope of 12/12 equates to a 45 degree angle

255
Q

Common roof style that consists of two inclined surfaces that meet at their high side to form a ridge

A

Gable roofs

256
Q

A roof style that slopes in four directions and has a degree of slope similar to the gable roof

A

Hip roof

257
Q

Roof that slope in two directions, but there will be a break in the slope on each side

A

Gambrel roofs

258
Q

A roof that has a break in the slope of the roof on all four sides

A

Mansard roof

259
Q

A mansard roof constructed with a flat deck is sometimes known as a

A

Modern mansard or deck roof

260
Q

Roof style that slopes in two directions. Basically two shed roofs that meet at their low eaves

A

Butterfly roof

261
Q

A roof style designed to provide light and ventilation. We’re once commonly used on factory buildings. A raised central section of the roof extends several feet above the surrounding roof surface

A

Monitor roof

262
Q

A roof style also once commonly used on industrial buildings for light and ventilation

A

Sawtooth roofs

263
Q

Is a special form of roof constructed from short pieces of material known as lamellas

A

Lamella arch

264
Q

Lamella dimensions

A

Thickness from 2x8 inches to 3x16 inches
Lengths varying from 8 to 14 feet

265
Q

Conventional roof framing components

A

Rafters
Ridge boards
Collar ties
Ceiling joists and rafter ties

266
Q

Most common roof types with conventional framing

A

Shed
Gable
Hip
Gambrel
Mansard

267
Q

Rafters can be spaced ____ inches apart

A

From 12 to 24

268
Q

When fighting a fire in a building with structural truss components, the AHJ should consider prioritizing what type of fire operations

A

Defensive fire suppression operations

269
Q

Most common type of trusses used for pitched roofs

A

Fink and Pratt

270
Q

Materials used in arches

A

Masonry
Laminated wood
Steel

271
Q

Roof deck

A

The portion of roof construction to which the roof covering or roll roofing material

272
Q

Components of the roof deck

A

Sheathing
Roof planks or slabs
Purlins

273
Q

Materials used in the construction of roofs decks include

A

Plywood
Wood planks
Corrugated steel
Precast gypsum or concrete planks
Poured gypsum
Poured concrete
Cement planks containing wood fiber

274
Q

Corrugated steel for roof decks gauge ranges

A

29 gauge to 12 gauge

275
Q

Vapor barrier use

A

To reduce the diffusion of interior moisture into the insulation layer

276
Q

Use several overlapping layers of roofing felt saturated with a bituminous material that may be either tar or asphalt. Usually last 20 years

A

Built up roofs

277
Q

Consists of a single membrane laid in sheets on the roof deck

A

Single ply membranes

278
Q

Membranes that’s are useful for buildings with curved roof surfaces such as domes that would be difficult to cover with other materials

A

Fluid applied membranes

279
Q

Shingles vs shakes

A

Shingles- thin tapered slabs of wood that are sawn from pieces of a tree trunk
Shakes- manually or machine split from the wood and are thicker than shingles

280
Q

Slate

A

Produced from hard rock that has a tendency to split along one plane. Produced in smooth sheets as thin as 1/16 inches

281
Q

Clay tile

A

Dense, hard, and non absorbent material and can be used for flat or curved tiles

282
Q

Concrete tiles

A

Are made from Portland cement, aggregate, and water. Frequently made to like look clay tile, slate, or even wood in color and texture.

283
Q

In order to be a third party listed product, roof materials are subject to six separate test procedures including

A

-intermittent flame exposure test
-burning brand test
-flying brand test
-rain test
-weathering test
-spread of flame test

284
Q

Class A roof coverings
Class B roof coverings
Class C roof coverings

A

Class A- effective against a severe fire exposure
Class B- effective against a moderate fire exposure
Class C- effective against a light fire exposure

285
Q

High rise building structural frame fire resistance

A

2 or 3 hours and 2 hours for floor construction

286
Q

Fire rating for a fire command center in high rise buildings

A

1 hour

287
Q

Phase I elevator operation can be triggered by

A

-activation of automatic smoke detectors
-activation of automatic sprinkler water flow alarms
-activation of manual keyed switch in the terminal floor lobby

288
Q

Phase II elevator operation

A

Is designed to override the recall feature to permit firefighters to use the elevators after they arrive on scene. All new elevators must have phase II

289
Q

Smoke proof enclosures are now required for buildings with levels more than ____ feet below the level of exit discharge

A

30

290
Q

Air inflated or air supported structures have several limitations including

A

-limited to one story in height
-vulnerable to the forces of high winds
-the membrane used may be a limited combustible or non combustible material. If the material is limited combustible it is required to have a low flame spread and low smoke propagation
-cannot be used where fire rated construction is required

291
Q

Atrium enclosure fire rating

A

1 hour fire rating or a combination of glass and automatic sprinklers

292
Q

Smoke barrier fire rating for an area of refuge

A

1 hour

293
Q

Piecemeal demolition

A

Performed with hand tools

294
Q

Controlled collapse demolition

A

Performed with larger equipment (explosives, crane, hydraulic pusher arms, wire rope pulling)

295
Q

Primary cause of subsidence

A

The removal of large amounts of underground water or oil over many years beneath built up areas

296
Q

Primary fire hazard associated with type IV heavy timber construction

A

The relatively large amount of fuel present in structural supports. In addition the interior of the building may have traces of oils and residues from previous industrial use

297
Q

IBC ten major occupancy classifications

A

Assembly group A
Business group B
Education group E
Factories group F
High hazards group H
Institutional Group I
Mercantile group M
Residential group R
Storage group s
Utility and miscellaneous group U

Fire lieutenant (11 decks)

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