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Geography > Hazards-The Geological Context > Flashcards

Hazards-The Geological Context Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hazard

A

Something that causes a danger e.g. a tsunami

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2
Q

What is a natural hazard

A

A hazard that is not influenced by us

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3
Q

What is a disaster

A

The realisation of a hazard when causes a ‘significant impact’ on a vulnerable population

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4
Q

What is a risk

A

The probably will of a hazard occurring and creating a loss of lives and/or livelihoods

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5
Q

What is a risk assessment

A

Defines the likelihood of harm and damage

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6
Q

What is vulnerability

A

The risk of exposure to hazards combined with an inability to cope with them

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7
Q

What is resilience

A

The degree to which a population or environment can absorb a hazardous event and yet remain within the state of organisation.
How quickly they can bunch back

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8
Q

What are 5 common characteristics of natural hazards

A

Natural hazards have common characteristics:
• little or no warning
• each has clear origins and distinctive effects
• exposure to the risk may be involuntary
• most damage and loss of life occurs shortly after the hazard, but impacts may last into the future
• their scale and impact requires an emergency response

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9
Q

What are 7 factors that influence the perception of natural hazards

A
  1. Socio economic status- some have bough money to deal with it and some don’t
  2. Level of education
  3. Employment status
  4. Religon and cultural background
  5. Family situation
  6. Past experience-hard to know what it’s like till you experience it
  7. Personal values and personality-optimistic or pessimistic
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10
Q

Explain what is meant by primary impacts of natural hazards

A

Primary impacts happen straight away such as buildings collapsing

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11
Q

Explain what is meant by secondary impacts of natural hazards

A

Secondary impacts happen after, such as a tsunami after an earthquake, another example is stress from the event

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12
Q

How do people respond to natural hazards

A

Responses to a hazard occur at a variety of scales, from those of individuals to those of international organisations such as the Red Cross. The response used depends on a number of physical and human factors

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13
Q

What are 3 physical factors that influence the response to a natural hazard

A

Physical factors include:
• Climate factors
• topography of the region affected
• type of hazard-scale impact, frequency and magnitude

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14
Q

What are 8 human factors that influence the response to a natural hazard

A
  • technological resources
  • level of education + training
  • economic wealth of the region
  • number of people involved/affected
  • degree of community preparedness
  • scientific understanding + expertise
  • quality + quantity of infrastructure
  • political framework-government competency + organisation
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15
Q

In which three different ways can responses to natural hazards be classified

A

Responses can be classified in three in different ways - fatalism, adaptation and fear

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16
Q

What is meant by the term ‘fatalism’?

A

Regards hazards as acts of God, meaning that nothing can be done. According to this belief all the events are pre-determined and the consequences are inevitable

17
Q

What is risk sharing

A

Risk sharing: educate communities that are vulnerable of how to respond to hazards

18
Q

What is integrated risk management

A

Integrated risk management: assessment of risks and plan how to respond to them

19
Q

What is mitigation

A

Mitigation: reducing impact of hazards - defences and land use zoning

20
Q

What is monitoring

A

Monitoring: work with scientists to monitor hazards and areas prone to them in order to react quickly

21
Q

What is prediction:

A

Prediction: using technology to predict when hazards will occur in order to have time to react

22
Q

What is prevention

A

Prevention: don’t settle in areas prone to hazards

23
Q

What is protection

A

Build defences and reinforce infrastructure

24
Q

What is reconstruction

A

Rebuilding areas after a hazard has occurred, often the last thing to be done

25
Q

What is rehabilitation

A

Rehabilitation: temporary housing e.t.c…

26
Q

What is Relief

A

Relief: Red Cross - delivering supplies + aid to those affected e.t.c…

27
Q

What is resilience

A

Resilience: living with a hazard

28
Q

Explain stage 1 of Park’s Disaster Response Model

A

Stage 1 is before the disaster and when people try modifying the event.

29
Q

Explain stage 2 of Park’s Disaster Response Model

A

Stage 2 is when the hazardous event takes place

30
Q

Explain stage 3 of Park’s Disaster Response Model

A

At stage 3 the place is deteriorated a few hours-days after search, rescue and cafe takes place

31
Q

Explain stage 4 of Park’s Disaster Response Model

A

Stage 4 is days-weeks after the event, relief and rehabilitation takes place with help from other countries, aid and temporary housing and services are given, the area is still deteriorated but less than stage 3

32
Q

Explain stage 5 of Park’s Disaster Response Model

A

At stage 5 which takes weeks-years, they are restoring the area back to normal and stopping it from happening again this will result in an improvement from stage 1

33
Q

What is a pro of Park’s Disaster Response Model

A

Pro: useful to compared compare different events, curves of which can be drawn and then compared of the same graph.

34
Q

What is a con of Park’s Disaster Response Model

A

Con: Model is general, does not account for different levels of development and other issues affecting disruption and recovery

35
Q

Explain what the Hazard Management Cycle shows

A

The cycle shows how a place prepares for a disaster before the event and how the place responds and starts to reconstruct the infrastructure after. The reconstruction phase is both in recover and prevention & mitigation as it’s important to build new hazard resistant houses before a disaster happens again so the damage is minimised so it has less of an impact

Geography (14 decks)

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