HAZARDS - JAPAN + HAITI C/S Flashcards
What was the magnitude of the Japan Earthquake?
9
When was the Japan Earthquake?
11th March 2011 > 2:45pm
Where did the Japan earthquake occur?
Tōhuku
Why did the Tōhuku occur? And what was the depth of the focus?
5-10m plate slip (24km depth)
How long was the time lag for the Japan tsunami + height + number of waves?
9 min warning
10m high
10 waves
What were the primary impacts in Tōhuku?
- ground shaking > buildings to collapse > broken gas + petrol pipes
- tsunami brought buildings in with it
- earthquake proof designs limit damage
- coastal regions damaged e.g. Sendai
- Minami-Sanriku 1/2 pop (17,000) dead
- 45,700 buildings were destroyed + 144,300 were damaged
What are the secondary impacts of Tōhuku?
- 1 mil homes left without running water + 6mil with electricity
- following two weeks > 700 aftershocks
- explosions + radiation leaks at Fukushima > Nuclear plant > tsunami destroyed back up generators > struggle to prevent meltdown
- 100,000 uprooted + separated from families
- shortages of food, water, petrol + medical supplies
- 1/2 mil homeless (1500 lived in temporary shelters for ages)
Short term responses in Tōhuku?
- helicopter crews plucked survivors from rooftops
- 100,000 soldiers to establish order
- aid > China + USA
- UK sent 63 search + rescue specialists + medical support team
- exclusion zone (Fukushima) + iodine tablets > explosions prompted shut down of nuclear power plants
- no reports of crime + looting
- 300 hospitals destroyed
Long term responses Tōhuku?
- inadequate tsunami defences so contingency planning
- 2013 new tsunami warning system
- reconstruction design council > plan for long term growth
- 200,000 children suffering from thyroid abnormalities (radiation)
- prior to 2011 > 30% nuclear energy
- 100,000 not returned to radioactive area + rubble yet to be cleared
- total damage > $300bn (heavily indebted country)
When was the Haiti earthquake?
12th Jan 2010 4:53pm
What magnitude was the Haiti earthquake?
7
Why did the Haiti earthquake occur?
Complex strike-slip fault between NA + Caribbean plate
What is the HDI score in Haiti?
0.433
What % are at risk of poverty in Haiti?
58.5%
What are the many hazards in Haiti?
- seismic activity
- mountains > landslides
- droughts + flooding
- corruption, poverty, inequality, colonialisation
- hurricane belt
What are the primary impacts of the Haiti earthquake?
- Port-au-price flattened (60 sec
- 230,000 deaths (280,000 estimated)
- 50% buildings collapsed
- 180,000 damaged homes + 1.5m
- 5000 schools damaged or destroyed
- liquefaction
- main port subsides
What are the secondary impacts of the Haiti earthquake?
- strong after shocks > 6.1 20/01
- Haiti government crippled
- due to destruction of police + government + prison > incr prime
- 1st anniversary > 1500 killed by Cholera (still 1.5mn homeless)
Short term responses in Haiti?
- rescue efforts > international search + locals employed by the UNDP
- INFRASTRUCTURE > US took control of air port + reopened shipping port
- SECURITY > 16,000 UN troops
- FOOD > UN aid + farmers supported
- WATER > UK disaster emergency committee (DEC) gave purification tablets to 250,000 people
- HEALTH > emergency services from life saving operations + 100,000 consultations
- SHELTER > 100 camps + 100,000 people at critical risk from storms + flooding
Long term responses in Haiti?
- AID > US $1.1 bn reconstruction package
- FOOD > reformed farming sector less reliant on imports
- HEALTH > follow up care incl mental health
- BUILDINGS > redevelopment + employ locals + demolish vulnerable slums
- ECONOMY - redistributive power from the capital + UN strategy to create new jobs in manufacturing, tourism + agriculture
