Coasts - LSQ

Question 1

What type of system is the coastal system?

Answer 1

Open

Question 2

Name the feedback: Where changes within the system slow down or stop further changes

Answer 2

Negative

Question 3

Name the feedback: When a change in the system increases/ speeds up

Answer 3

Positive

Question 4

What is the term used for in a system, when inputs and outputs are balanced

Answer 4

Dynamic Equilibrium

Question 5

What scale is a beach

Answer 5

Small

Question 6

What scale is a littoral cell

Answer 6

Large

Question 7

What is the correct order for offshore, back shore, inshore and foreshore

Answer 7

Offshore, inshore, foreshore, back shore

Question 8

What term is used for the most common wind direction?

Answer 8

Prevailing wind

Question 9

What is the direction in the UK?

Answer 9

SW

Question 10

Name the term: the distance over which the wind has blown and this will help determine the magnitude (size) of the waves

Answer 10

Fetch

Question 11

What type of wave has a stronger swash and weaker backwash?

Answer 11

Constructive

Question 12

Which has a more elliptical orbit

Answer 12

Constructive

Question 13

What type of beach are produced when the waves break in parallel to the coasts

Answer 13

Swash Aligned

Question 14

What type of beach are produced when the waves break at an angle to the coasts?

Answer 14

Drift Aligned

Question 15

Name the current: strong current moving away from the shoreline. They develop when seawater is piled up along the coastline by incoming waves

Answer 15

Rip current

Question 16

Name the process: the movement of cold water from deep in the ocean towards the surface. It replaces the warmer surface water and creates nutrient rich currents. These form part of the pattern of global ocean circulation currents

Answer 16

Upwelling

Question 17

Which tide occurs after a new moon when the sun and the moon are aligned with the Earth?

Answer 17

Low spring tide

Question 18

Which tide occurs after a full moon when the sun and the moon are aligned with the Earth?

Answer 18

High spring tide

Question 19

Which tide occurs when the sun and moon are at right angles to the earth?

Answer 19

Neap

Question 20

The sea level can rise by what value for every 1millibar drop in pressure?

Answer 20

1cm

Question 21

Name the classification of a tidal range more than 4m

Answer 21

macrotidal

Question 22

Name the classification of a tidal range 2-4m

Answer 22

mesotidal

Question 23

Name the classification of a tidal range less than 2m

Answer 23

microtidal

Question 24

Formula to predict wave energy

Answer 24

LH^2

Question 25

What type of coastline would experience the following? Wave energy is low, air pressure gradients are less extreme and rates of deposition often exceed rates of erosion

Answer 25

Low energy coastline

Question 26

How many sediment (littoral cells) are there in The UK?

Answer 26

11

Question 27

What are the larger littoral cells divided into?

Answer 27

subcells

Question 28

Name the term: the breakdown and subsequent removal and transportation of material

Answer 28

erosion

Question 29

What term is also used for hydraulic action?

Answer 29

Wave pounding

Question 30

What is the usual pH of seawater?

Answer 30

7.5-8.5

Question 31

Name another term for geology/rock type?

Answer 31

lithology

Question 32

Name another term used for layers of rocks?

Answer 32

Strata

Question 33

Name the process: disintegration of rock in situ

Answer 33

weathering

Question 34

How many types of weathering processes are there?

Answer 34

3

Question 35

Name the process: the movement of consolidated material (rock solid) and unconsolidated material (clay and soil) due to gravity

Answer 35

Mass movement

Question 36

Which process would be more rapid rockfall or slumping

Answer 36

Rockfall

Question 37

Name the type of transport: Finer sands and silt are carried along in the flow of water

Answer 37

Suspension

Question 38

Name the other 3 types of transport

Answer 38

Traction, saltation and solution

Question 39

Give another name for the transport of material by the wind

Answer 39

Aeolian

Question 40

Name the term: A coast where brands of different rock type run at right angles to the coast. The differing resistance to erosion leads to the formation of headlands and bays.

Answer 40

Discordant

Question 41

Name the opposite type of coastline to discordant

Answer 41

Concordant

Question 42

Name the landform: a gently sloping (<5 degrees) relatively smooth marine surface caused by abrasion at the base of the cliff

Answer 42

Wave cut platform

Question 43

Name the landform: is an inlet, a gulley or a narrow and deep cleft in the face of a cliff

Answer 43

geo

Question 44

Sand produces beaches with a gentle gradient, what is it usually less than?

Answer 44

5 degrees

Question 45

Shingle produces beaches with a gentle gradient, what is the gradient usually between?

Answer 45

10-20 degrees

Question 46

Are larger pebbles found near the back of the beach or closer to the sea?

Answer 46

back

Question 47

Are beach profiles steeper in summer or winter

Answer 47

Summer

Question 48

What process will round and smooth pebbles?

Answer 48

Attrition

Question 49

What % of coasts worldwide are suffering from net erosion?

Answer 49

70%

Question 50

Name semicircular shaped depressions with coarser material around the edge and finer material in the middle

Answer 50

cusps

Question 51

Name the beach deposited by waves during storm events (waves don’t usually affect this part of the beach)

Answer 51

Storm Beach

Question 52

What is the term used for where the spit joins to the mainland?

Answer 52

proximal point

Question 53

What is the term used for the furthest point of the spit that extents from the headland?

Answer 53

Distal point

Question 54

What type of spit occurs where transport processes vary more - barbs form?

Answer 54

Compound spit

Question 55

What landform forms where a spit forms on a coastline where there is a small offshore island and the ridge of beach sediment id deposited towards the small island

Answer 55

Tombolo

Question 56

What is another name for a bar?

Answer 56

barrier beach

Question 57

What is Chesil beach, Weymouth an example of?

Answer 57

Tombolo

Question 58

What is Slapton Sands, Devon an example of?

Answer 58

Bar

Question 59

What landforms occurs when accumulations of sand behind an active beach zone that is mounded by the wind and can become fixed in location by vegetation?

Answer 59

Sand dunes

Question 60

What term is used for the dominant mix of vegetation species that characterise an environment given time for colonisation to occur and reach stability?

Answer 60

Climax vegetation

Question 61

What term is used for the change in species over space?

Answer 61

Zonation

Question 62

What term is used for a plant adapted to living in a dry arid habitat like a sand dune?

Answer 62

Xerophyte

Question 63

How many different dunes are there in the formation?

Answer 63

5

Question 64

What features are found in between the more mature dunes where the water table reaches the surface causing seasonal or even permenant waterlogging and surface water?

Answer 64

dune slacks

Question 65

What is the name of the 3rd dune from the sea

Answer 65

Yellow dune

Question 66

On an embryo dune what % of the sand is exposed?

Answer 66

80%

Question 67

How tall do foredunes typically grow?

Answer 67

up to 5 m

Question 68

What is the climax vegetation in the UK?

Answer 68

Oak woodland