hazards Flashcards

1
Q

what is a hazard

A

a perceived natural event that can potentially threaten life and property

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2
Q

when is a natural event not a hazard

A

if it does affect life/ people.

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3
Q

what is nuees ardentes

A

flow of ash a from a volcano;

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4
Q

what are some examples of hydrological hazards

A

hazards caused by water. tsunamis, lahars, tropical storms, coastal flooding
glacial flooding
river flooding

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5
Q

what are the 3 types of hazard

A

geophysical, hydrological, atmospheric

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6
Q

what are some examples of atmospheric hazards

A

fires
high winds/ hurricanes
storm surges

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7
Q

what is a disatster

A

the realisation of a hazard when it causes significant impact on vulnerable population the hazard exceeds the capacity and resilience level of the population

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8
Q

what is meant by vulnerability

A

the risk of exposure to hazards combined with an inability to cope with them

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9
Q

what are the characteristics of oceanic crust?

A

oceanic crust
- dense 3.0g/cm^3
- younger and temporary <200 million years
- composed of SIMA, silicone, magnesium, basalt
-thinner by 6-10km

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10
Q

what are the characteristics of continental crust?

A
  • thicker 30-70 km
  • older and permanent >1500 million years
  • lighter 2.6g/cm^3
  • composed of mainly granate, silicon, aluminium and oxygen
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11
Q

what happens to an oceanic crust when it encounters a continental crust?

A

the oceanic crust will sink beneath the continental crust as its more dense

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12
Q

if the oceanic crust is more dense and therefore sinks beneath the continental crust what does this mean about the state of the continental and oceanic crust?

A

it means the oceanic crust is temporary as it is always changing but the continental crust is permanent

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13
Q

what is different about the Eurasian plate?

A

its made up of oceanic and continental crust

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14
Q

can the continental crust extend further than the margins of the landmass?

A

yes, for example, the under the north sea and off the west coast of the british Isles.

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15
Q

how are mountains formed?

A

when two continental plates colide with eachother at a convergent plate boundary

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16
Q

what landform occurs when an oceanic and a continental plate meet at a comvergent plate boundary

A

the oceanic plate is subducted beneath the continentl plate due to the contrasts in density. this forms a deep ocean trench.

17
Q

what must be happening when new oceanic crust is being formed?

A

it must be being destroyed (or continental crust is buckling creating new mountains

18
Q

what is the speed and frequency that tectonic plates are moving in

A

slow and continuous

19
Q

if there is a sudden movement of the crust its detected as a what?

A

an earthquake

20
Q

where are significant landforms such as volcanoes and deep sea trenches found?

A

divergent plate boundaries

21
Q

what are the areas away from boundaries within plates known as?

A

shield lands