changing places Flashcards
in the context of place, explain the meaning of endogenous and exogenous factors [4 marks]
- Endogenous factors are internal factors that influence the identity of a place.
For example, the topography (if its a mountainous region) or the infrastructure, which can create iconic skylines. - Exogenous factors are external influences on the identity of a place.
for example, migration of young people away from a place, or people into a place can create a melting pot of cultures such as the lower east side in New York.
Explain how shifting flows of investment can change either the demographic characteristics or socio economic characteristics of a place [4 marks]
investment into the infrastructure of a place such as the lower east side, can drive up housing prices within the area which can then increase the prices in local shops, also known as gentrification. This forces out people of a lower socioeconomic class, causing them to become displaced. gentrification can lead to a change in demographics, as the typically, the only people who can afford the housing tend to be older and white. This changes the characteristics of a place as the cultural melting pot becomes more ethnocentric.
explain why an outsider perspective might give a different sense of place to an insider perspective [4 marks]
an ‘outsider’ is someone who doesn’t live in or come from a specific place, and so they haven’t been able to experience/ understand the customs or cultural practices of a place. this means that they might have a different perspective of a place due to the fact that they don’t have a sense of place attached to a place. however, ‘insiders’ would be living in or come from that place, which means that the have a sense of space, and therefore would have a different perspective due to their unique insight.
explain how exogenous factors contribute to the character of a place.
exogenous factors are external factors that originate from outside a place. For example, flows of people from immigration (tourists, immigrants) this can change the character of a place as it can become more diverse and a melting pot of different cultures. for example, the lower east side had large flows of immigration throughout history which led to many synagogues being built, and the lower east side became the first racially intergrated neighbouhood in New York.
where is the Mostar bridge located
Bosnia
why does the mostar bridge have cultural connections to the people living in Bosnia
due to it’s outstanding beauty and structural integrity. i was considered to be a symbol of peace as it brought cultures together
why was the mostar bridge destroyed, and how does this illustrate the importance of place and its ability to shape identities?
the bridge was destroyed due to constant shelling in the Bosnian war during the 90s. The people of Bosnia were grieving the bridge when it was destroyed, as they felt they had a cultural connection with it that had shaped their identity.
how can places promote well being?
providing open green spaces, transport links, a variety of shops, safe and up to date infrastructure, street lamps, libraries and other public services, a space with cultural diversity
what is the phenomenological approach of theorising place?
focuses on how places are perceived, experienced and given meaning
what is the descriptive approach of theorising place?
focuses on the unique characteristics of a place
what is the social constructionist approach of theorising place?
focuses on why a place is the way it is
what is positionality
the social and political context that creates identity in terms of CAGED
what are some factors that can shape someone’s positionality
age
race
class
gender
ethnicity
disability
sexual orientation
how might city planners be able to make cities safe and more accessible
drop curbs
accessible toilets
well lit streets
open green spaces
street furniture
trees
making the traffic lights stay red for longer allows people more time to cross the road.
what are media places
somewhere not visited but seen in different forms of media, i.e. books, tv, film, music etc.
what is Kos Greece best known for
its the party scene of Greece
it also has many historical features from ancient civilisations
according to the tourist vlog, how do they describe Kos
its a island with lots of history and Greek temples, such as Hippocrates, many museums, picturesque, idyllic views, clear waters. it has a wonderful nightlife for party animals as it has many clubs and bars.
how does the tourist vlog description of Kos differ to the experience to the refugee’s experience
Kos is crammed and overwhelmed.
the beaches are full of tents where refugees have to sleep due to the lack of accommodation. refugees are forced to sleep in the scorching hot sun. some refugees come over on boats which can caspase and unfortunately this can lead to drownings and the bodies are washed up onto shore.
what are contesting places
a place people experience differently, causing its meaning to be contested
What is a locale? What does it take into account? Give an example.
Takes into account the effect that people have on their setting. For example, Glastonbury has its own unique character and home to a number of tourist attractions
What is sense of place? Give an example
Sense of place is a subjective and emotional attachment to a place. Eg Glastonbury is a very spiritually important for those interested paganism
What are some examples of insider/ outsider category of place?
Local resident/ tourists
Belonging/ not belonging
Why might outsiders not care about a certain place? Who can this create tension with?
Because they have no emotional connection to that area. They might think about the economic benefits which lead to conflict between insiders and outsiders
What is socio spatial exclusion?
Dominant groups who have social, political and economic power in society determine who is allowed into a place. This can lead to exclusion of certain groups in society. They are often excluded socially and economically.
What is an example of socio spatial exclusion
Homeless people and city planners
Government have made it basically illegal to be homeless, as there are laws against rough sleeping and hostile architecture prevents them from being able to sleep off the ground.
What is a dynamic place? Give an example
A place that is characterised by constant changes, activity or progress. Boston Lincolnshire, been changed by EU immigration, 2011 census found 13% of its population originated from the EU. This led to changes in the economy, as it can sustain work all year round allowing them to sustain jobs and so they need more permanent residents
What factors can affect how near/ far a place feels?
Age- younger people don’t have much concept of time so places might feel further away.
Income - if they don’t have a car might need to get public transport making it feel further away
100 years ago air travel was less popular making it harder to reach places
What factors can affect how near/ far a place feels?
Age- younger people don’t have much concept of time so places might feel further away.
Income - if they don’t have a car might need to get public transport making it feel further away
100 years ago air travel was less popular making it harder to reach places
What what is a private/ public place?
Private: somewhere confidential and out of bounds/ view to the public (or isn’t accessible)
Public: somewhere maintained at public expense and u see public control meaning it’s open to everyone (eg a library
What does the character of a place refer to
The physical and human features that help distinguish it from another place
What are some human factors that affect the character of a place?
Land use
Economic characteristics
Infrastructure
Built environment
Demographic
What are physical factors affecting character of place
Topography
Physical geography
Location
What is placelesness
Casual eradication of distinctive places and deliberate making of standardised land scapes and weakening identity of places
What is glocalisation give an example
Globalisation + localisation
A product that is sold globally but adjusted to accommodate the user or consumer in a local market. For example, McDonald’s sells sushi in Japan and beer in Italy
What did the people of Murcia, Spain want in their area and why did some people want think this was a bad or good idea
They wanted a Starbucks in the area. They felt we they were missing out and the coffee “isn’t up to much” people just want frappes and muffins l. Some people appose it as they belive it will ruin the coffee culture, since it’s over priced and not as good as local coffee
