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Emergency services > Hazardous Materials > Flashcards

Hazardous Materials Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

Hazardous materials

A

Is a substance that can be dangerous to human health or environment if not controlled

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2
Q

How are hazmat incident caused

A 
Human error
Mechanical malfunction
Container failure
Transportation accident 
Vandalism or terrorism
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3
Q

Three safety concepts

A

Variety of hazards in encountered
Potential health effects of materials
Physical hazards of materials

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4
Q

Two types of health effects from hazmat incident

A

Acute

Chronic

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5
Q

Six hazards

A

Thermal-

Radiological

Asphyxiation

Chemical hazards

Biological

Mechanical

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6
Q

Thermal

A

elevated temperatures and low temperatures

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7
Q

Radiological

A 
Non-ionizing or ionizing
Alpha-paper
Beta- aluminium
Gamma-lead
Neutron- concrete
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8
Q

Asphyxiation

A

Replaces oxygen

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9
Q

Chemical

A 
Different categories
Poisons/toxins
Currosives
Irritants
Convulsants 
Carcinogens 
Sensitizers/allergens
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10
Q

Biological

A

Infectious disease
Ricketts
Biological toxins

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11
Q

Mechanical

A

Cause injury through blunt physical force

Invenidary thermal effect
Blast pressure
Fragmenntation
shock front

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12
Q

4 entry routes into humans

A

Absorption
Inhalation
Contact
Ingestion

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13
Q

Vapour pressure

A

The measure of a substance is tendency to evaporate

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14
Q

Boiling point

A

Can cause BLEVE

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15
Q

Bleve

A

Boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion

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16
Q

Vapour density

A

Measures weight of a pure gas to wait of air

17
Q

Specific gravity

A

The density of a substance in comparison to another standard material usually water

18
Q

Persistence

A

Materials ability to remain in the environment

19
Q

Reactivity

A

The ability of a substance to chemically react with other materials

20
Q

Polymerization

A

A type of chemical reaction that could be dangerous explosion can happen

21
Q

General Emergency behaviour model

GEBMO

A 
Stress
Breach
Release
Dispersion
Exposure
Harm
22
Q

Three ways a container may fail

A

Mechanical
Thermal
Chemical

23
Q

5 ways a container can breach

A 
Disintegration 
Punture
Spill or tear
Crack
Attatchments open and close
24
Q

7 engulfment/dispersions

A 
Cloud- forms above
Cone-cone shape
Hemispheric- engulfs
Plume-wind blows to building
Pool- makes puddle
Stream- flows like a stream
Irregular dispersion-things trail through it and spread
25
Q

Container types and shapes

A 
Bulk-capacity fixed-facility cointainers
Bulk transportation container
Intermediating bulk containers
Ton containers
Non bulking packaging
Cointainers for radioactive materials
26
Q

Intermediate bulk transportation

A

Rigid or flexible portable packing designed for mechanical handling

27
Q

Transportation identification

A

Lbels placards markings un number
Shape of real car and semi trailers

Colors
Read is flammable 
yellow is explosive 
blue is health 
white is other
28
Q

Written resources to identify hazardous materials

A

Shipping papers
Safety data sheets
ERG

29
Q

Detection of hazardous materials

A 
Changes in respirattion
Visual disturbances
Abdominal distress
Changes in consciousness
Skin changes
Pain
30
Q

Indicator and signs to be aware of terrorist attacks

A 
Chemical
 biological 
radiological 
nuclear 
explosive
31
Q

Terrorist attack

A

Beliberatly target ppl
Large crowds
Booby traps

32
Q

How to keep fire fighter safe

A

MaintainSituational awareness

Avoid complacency

Anticipate presence of secondary device

Establish scene control zones

Evacuate victims quickly

Emergency services (9 decks)

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