Hazardous Materials Flashcards
Hazardous materials
Is a substance that can be dangerous to human health or environment if not controlled
How are hazmat incident caused
Human error Mechanical malfunction Container failure Transportation accident Vandalism or terrorism
Three safety concepts
Variety of hazards in encountered
Potential health effects of materials
Physical hazards of materials
Two types of health effects from hazmat incident
Acute
Chronic
Six hazards
Thermal-
Radiological
Asphyxiation
Chemical hazards
Biological
Mechanical
Thermal
elevated temperatures and low temperatures
Radiological
Non-ionizing or ionizing Alpha-paper Beta- aluminium Gamma-lead Neutron- concrete
Asphyxiation
Replaces oxygen
Chemical
Different categories Poisons/toxins Currosives Irritants Convulsants Carcinogens Sensitizers/allergens
Biological
Infectious disease
Ricketts
Biological toxins
Mechanical
Cause injury through blunt physical force
Invenidary thermal effect
Blast pressure
Fragmenntation
shock front
4 entry routes into humans
Absorption
Inhalation
Contact
Ingestion
Vapour pressure
The measure of a substance is tendency to evaporate
Boiling point
Can cause BLEVE
Bleve
Boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion
Vapour density
Measures weight of a pure gas to wait of air
Specific gravity
The density of a substance in comparison to another standard material usually water
Persistence
Materials ability to remain in the environment
Reactivity
The ability of a substance to chemically react with other materials
Polymerization
A type of chemical reaction that could be dangerous explosion can happen
General Emergency behaviour model
GEBMO
Stress Breach Release Dispersion Exposure Harm
Three ways a container may fail
Mechanical
Thermal
Chemical
5 ways a container can breach
Disintegration Punture Spill or tear Crack Attatchments open and close
7 engulfment/dispersions
Cloud- forms above Cone-cone shape Hemispheric- engulfs Plume-wind blows to building Pool- makes puddle Stream- flows like a stream Irregular dispersion-things trail through it and spread
Container types and shapes
Bulk-capacity fixed-facility cointainers Bulk transportation container Intermediating bulk containers Ton containers Non bulking packaging Cointainers for radioactive materials
Intermediate bulk transportation
Rigid or flexible portable packing designed for mechanical handling
Transportation identification
Lbels placards markings un number
Shape of real car and semi trailers
Colors Read is flammable yellow is explosive blue is health white is other
Written resources to identify hazardous materials
Shipping papers
Safety data sheets
ERG
Detection of hazardous materials
Changes in respirattion Visual disturbances Abdominal distress Changes in consciousness Skin changes Pain
Indicator and signs to be aware of terrorist attacks
Chemical biological radiological nuclear explosive
Terrorist attack
Beliberatly target ppl
Large crowds
Booby traps
How to keep fire fighter safe
MaintainSituational awareness
Avoid complacency
Anticipate presence of secondary device
Establish scene control zones
Evacuate victims quickly
