First Responder- Professional Resonder Flashcards
Abandonent
Ending care of a patient without that patients consent or without ensuring that someone with equal or greater training will continue that care
Confidentiality
Protecting a patients privacy by not revealing any personal info you learn about the patient except to law enforcement personnel or more advanced medical care
Consent
Permission to provide care given by a patient to a responder
Critical incident stress management
Techniques or interventions designed to help an individual cope with psychological stress
Duty to act
A legal responsibility of some individuals to provide a reasonable standard of emergency care may be required by case law statute or job description
Emergency medical responder
Responders who has successfully completed a recognized training program in the care and transportation of a patient
Emergency medical services
A network of community resources and medical personnel that provides emergency care to patients who are injured or suddenly ill
First responder
A person trained in emergency care who may be called on to provide such care as a routine part of his job often the first train professional to respond to emergencies
Good Samaritan laws
Laws that protect people who willingly give emergency care while acting in good faith without Negligence and with the scope of their training
Interpersonal communication
The process of speaking and listening to other people at an emergency scene can be verbal or nonverbal
Medical control
The process that allows a position to direct care given to a patient by prehospital professionals
Medical terminology
Terms used to describe medically related concepts such as parts of the body locations of those parts or medical conditions uses common language to clarify meaning including parts of words such as prefixes and suffixes that have their own meaning for example Endo meaning within or cardio meaning pertaining to the heart
Negligence
The failure to provide the level of care a person of similar training would provide thereby causing injury or damage to another
Refusal of care
The declining of care by a competent patient
Standard of care
The minimal standards and quality of care expected of an emergency care provider
List six signs and symptoms of critical incident stress
Confusion lowered attention span poor concentration denial guilt depression anger change and interactions with others increased or decreased eating unusual behaviour
Emergency move
Moving a patient before completing care done only in certain necessary circumstances
Hazardous materials
Substances that are harmful or toxic to the body can be liquid solid or gas
List three situations in which you might park in the road way to block traffic
To protect a patient
to protect any responders
to warn oncoming traffic
List the five key elements a responder should pay attention to when approaching an emergency scene
Location of Emergency extent of Emergency Aparent dangers aparent number of patients behaviour of patients bystanders at the scene
Fire scene percausions
Check the doors before opening them stay close to the floor avoid using elevators
Crime scene precautions
Ensure the scene is safe avoid touching anything unless it hinders care document everything
Traffice scene
DPut up reflectors flares or lights well back from the scene for visibility
Hazardous material scene
Look for play cards on transportation vehicles clue such as spilled substances we can containers or usual odors
Multiple patient injured scene
Get directions from the incident commander triage appropriately
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)
A condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Airborne transmission
The transmission of a disease by inhaling infected droplets of become airborne when infected person coughs or sneezes
Bacteria
One celled microorganisms that may cause infections
Blood-borne pathogen’s
Bacteria and viruses present in human blood and body fluids that can cause diseases in humans
Community associated MRSA
Methicillin resistant That occurs in groups of people who have not recently been hospitalized or have not recently had a medical procedure
Direct contact transmission
The transmission of a disease by touching it an infected person’s body fluids
Hepatitis
A viral infection of the liver
Herpes
A viral infection that causes irruption’s of the skin and mucous membranes
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
The virus that destroys the body’s ability to fight infection the resultant state is referred to as aids
Immune system
The bodies group of responses for fighting disease
Immunization
A specific substance containing weekend or killed pathogens that introduced into the body to build resistance to specific infection
Indirect contact transmission
The transmission of a disease by touching a contaminated objects
Infection
A condition caused by Disease producing micro organisms also called pathogens or germs in the body
Infectious disease
Disease capable of being transmitted from people objects animals or insects
Influenza
Respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses and transmitted from person to person via large virus droplets from coughing or sneezing
Meningitis
And inflammation of the brain or spinal cord caused by a viral or bacterial infection
Pathogen
I disease causing agent also called a micro organism or germ
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
A viral respiratory illness
Tuberculosis
A respiratory disease caused by a bacterium
Vectorborne transmission
The transmission of a disease by an animal or insect bite through exposure to blood or other body fluids
Virus
A disease causing agents or pathogen that requires another organism to live and reproduce
Four conditions that must be present for an infection to be transmitted to someone
Pathogen present
Enough of the pathogen
Person is susceptible
Route of entry
List five precautions you can take to prevent disease transmission
Ppe
Personal hygiene
Engineering and work practice
controls
Equipment cleaning and disinfecting
Explsure control plan
3 elements
Exposure determination
Identification of who will receive training, Protective equipment, and vaccination
Procedures for evaluating details of an exposure incodent
Body systems
A group of organs and other structures working together to carry out specific functions
Cell
The basic unit of all living tissue
Circulatory system
A group of organs and other structures that carry oxygen rich blood and other nutrients throughout the body and remove waste
Digestive system
A group of organs and other structures that digest food and eliminate wastes
Endocrine system
A group of organs and other structures that regulate and coordinate the activities of the other systems by producing chemicals that influence the activity of tissues
Genitourinary system
A group of organs and other structures that eliminate waste and enable reproduction
Integumentary system
A group organs and other structures that protect the body retain fluids and help prevent infection
Musculoskeletal system
A group of tissues and other structures that support the body protect internal organs allow movement store minerals manufacture blood cells create heat
Nervous system
A group of organs and other structures that regulate all body functions
Organ
A collection of similar tissues acting together to perform specific body functions
Respiratory system
A group of organs and other structures that bring air into the body and remove wastes through a process called breathing or respiration
Tissue
A collection of similar cells acting together to perform specific body functions
Vital organs
Organs whose functions ar essential to life including brain heart and lungs
Respiratory
Airway lungs
Supplies the body with oxygen through breathing
Musculoskeletal
Bones muscles joints ligaments tendons
Provides structure to body protects internal organs allows movement produce heat manufactures blood components
Nervous
Brain spinal cord nerves
Regulates the body transmits messages to and from the brain
Digestive
Mouth esophagus stomach intestines
Breaks down food and eliminates waste
Integumentary
Skin hair nails
Helps prevent infection assists with temperature regulation assists in production of vitamins
Cranial body cavity
Houses brain
Spinal cavity
Houses spinal cord
Thoracic cavity
Houses Heart lungs
Abdominal cavity
Houses liver pancreas intestines stomach kidneys spleen
Pelvic cavity
Houses bladder
rectum
reproductive organs
Proximal
Towards head
Distal
Towards the feet
Pulmonary artery
Right big tube on top of heart
Aorta
Big tube on top of heart middle one
Inferior vena cava
Left big blue vein goes into femurs
Anaphylaxis affects which body systems
Respiratory
Which 1 body systems dies epinephrine affect
Nervous system
The epiglottis prevents liquids and solids from entering
Esophagus
Where do arteries carry blood
From heart to the rest if the body
Main function of integumentary system
Protection
Anterior
Front
Posterior
Back
3 parts of the secondary survey
Interviews
Vital signs
Head to toe
7 pieces of info you must tell dispatch for further help
Location Phone Number Name What happened Number of patients Condition of patients Care being given
Five conditions you would need to obtain more advanced medical care to transport patient
Unconscious or decreased level of consciousness difficulty breathing no breathing No pulse or signs of circulation severe breathing persistent pain or pressure and chest or abdomen vomiting or passing blood suspected poisoning head and neck injuries broken bones
Assessment process
Scene survey Primary survey->circulation check Oxygen administration Rapid body survey Transport decision Secondary survey Secondary transport decision Ongoing survey
APGAR
Activity Pulse Grimace Appearance Respiration
AEIOU
TIPS
Why am I a patient have altered level of consciousness
Alcohol Epilepsy Insulin Overdose Uremia
Trauma
Infection
Psychiatric/poison
Stroke (cardiovascular)
CLAPS TICS DCAP BLS DOTS
During secondary survey
Contusions Lacerations Abrasions Puncture/penetrations Swelling/subcutaneous emphysema
Tenderness
Instability
Crepitus
Swelling/subcutaneous emphysema
Deformities
Contusions
Abrasions
Puncture/penetrations
Burns
Lacerations
Swelling
Deformities
Open wounds
Tenderness
Swelling
Two types of air obstruction
Mechanical
anatomical
Acute pulmonary Edema
Fluid buildup in the lungs
Aspiration
Taking blood vomit saliva or other foreign material into the lungs
Bronchitis
Disease causing excessive mucus secretions and inflammatory changes to the bronchi
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD
A disease characterized by a loss of lung function
Cyanosis
A Blueish colouration of the skin and mucous membranes due to the presence of the auction needed blood in the vessels near the skin surface
Emphysema
A disease in which the alveoli lose their elasticity becomes distended with trapped air and stop working
Carbon dioxide/oxygen exchange is not effective
Pneumonia
A group of illness characterized by lung infection and fluid or pus filled alveoli resulting in an adequate oxygen in the blood
Pulmonary embolism
Advocate of a pulmonary artery by a clot or other foreign material
Signs and symptoms of breathing emergency
Unusual breathing gasping wheezing noisy breathing skin is moist skin is flushed skin is pale skin is asked or blueish shortness of breath restlessness and anxiety dizziness or lightheadedness chest pain tingling in hands and feet use of accessory muscles to breathe tripod positioning
When is it appropriate to stop rescue breathing
The patient begins to breathe you need to start CPR another train responder takes over advanced medical care is now in place you arw too exhausted to continue the scene becomes unsafe
0-3 minutes w/o breathing
Breathing stops
Hear will soon stop beating
Clinical death
4-6mins w/o breathing
Brain damage possible
6-10mins w/o breathing
Brain damage likely
10+ minutes w/o breathing
Irreversible Brain damage certain biological death
Hypoxia
A decrease in oxygen in the blood
Safety precaution yes that should be followed when administering oxygen
Do not operate around an open flame or spark or in close proximity to an AED do not stand oxygen cylinder operate unless secured do not use grease oil or petroleum products to lubricate the regulator
Angina
Chest pain or pressure resulting when the heart needs more oxygen rich blood then it’s getting pain or pressure usually last less than 10 minutes
Cardiovascular disease
A disease of the heart and blood vessels commonly known as heart disease
Cholesterol
A fatty substance made by the body and found in certain foods
Congestive heart failure CHF
A condition in which the heart loses its pumping ability causing fluid buildup in the body results in heart failure
Coronary arteries
Blood vessels that support the heart muscle with oxygen rich blood
Dysrhythmia
A disturbance in the conduction of electrical impulses within the heart
Myocardial infarction
A sudden illness involving the death of heart muscle tissue when it does not receive enough oxygen rich blood a.k.a. heart attack
Nitroglycerine
A medication often prescribed to people diagnosed with angina
Stroke
A disruption of blood flow to the part of the brain that causes permanent damage also called a cerebrovascular accident
Transient ischemic attack
A temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain sometimes called a mini stroke or TIA
Three test you can perform if stroke is suspected
Smile
have them speak
have them raise arms
Asystole
The absence of electrical activity in the heart
Ventricle fibrillation
A life-threatening dysrhythmia in which the heart muscle quivers rather than pumping blood
Ventricle tachycardia
A life-threatening dysrhythmia in which the heart muscle contracts to quickly to adequately pump blood to the body
Adult CPR hand position compression breathing cycle compression rate
2 hands At least 2inches Until chest starts to rise usually 1s 30 compressions 2 breathes At least 100 per min (with no breaths)
Child cpr
hand position compression breathing cycle compression rate
One or 2 hands At least 2inch or 1/3-1/2 of chest Until chest starts to rise usually 1s 15 compressions 2 breathes At least 100 per min (no breaths)
Baby
hand position compression breathing cycle compression rate
2 fingers At least 1.5inch Slowly until chest starts to rise~1s 15 compressions 2 breathes At least 100
What does ventricular fibrillation look like on a ECG
And fast crazy lines
What does ventricular tachycardia look like on an ECG
Big mountains and a lot of them no small squiggly lines
What does asystole look like on an ECG
Flatline
Arteries
Large vessels that carry oxygen rich blood from the heart to all the parts of the body
Capillaries
Tiny blood vessel’s in linking arteries and veins that transfer oxygen and other nutrients from the blood to our body cells and remove waste products
Hemorrhage
loss of large amount of blood in a short time
Veins
Blood vessels carry oxygen-poor blood from all parts of the body to the heart
List the components of blood
Plasma
white blood cells
red blood cells
platelets
List the three major functions of blood
Transporting oxygen nutrients and waste
protecting against disease
helping to maintain constant body temperature
List the signs and symptoms of severe internal bleeding
Discolouration of the skin soft tissues that are tender swollen or for anxiety or restlessness rapid and weak pulse rapid breathing cool or moist skin pale or blueish skin nausea vomiting excessive thirst decreased level of consciousness drop in blood pressure
List five Things you can do to care for shock
Assess in care for ABCs care for specific conditions help the patient rest comfortably help maintain normal body temp provide ongoing survey and care control external bleeding administer oxygen avoid giving the patient anything to eat or drink obtain more advanced medical care
Neurogenic shock
Failure of the nervous system to control the size of blood vessels causing them to dilate
Septic shock
Poisoning caused by severe infections that cause blood vessels to dilate
Cardiogenic shock
Failure of the heart to affectively pump blood to all parts of the body
Hypovolaemic shock
Severe lack of blood and fluid in the body dehydration
Respiratory shock
Failure of the lungs to transfer sufficient oxygen to into bloodstream
List at least six symptoms of shock
Restlessness irritability pale skin cool skin my skin rapid breathing wrap it and weak pulse changes in level of consciousness nausea changes in blood pressure
What are the four main types of open wounds
Abrasion
laceration
avulsions
punctures
What percentage of the adult body burned is the:
head Each arm Trunk Groin Each leg
Head 9 Each arm 9 Trunk 18 Groin 1 Each leg 18
What percentage of the child body burned is the:
head
Each arm
Trunk
Each leg
Head 18
Each arm 9
Trunk 18
Each leg 14
What are four things you can do to an amputated limb to increase chances of success with reattachment
Wrap the hand in sterile gauze
place to hand in a plastic bag
keep the ham cool
send the hand with the person to the hospital
Shock is life-threatening because
Vital organs are not getting adequate oxygen rich blood
Mycardial contusion
A bruise to the heart
Bone
Dence hard tissue that forms the Skelton
Distal circulation
Blood flow below the site of an injury
Ligament
A fibre his band that holds bones together at the joint
Osteoporosis
A disease characterized by low bone mass and bone tissue deterioration
Skeletal muscles
Muscles that attached to bones
Sprain
The excessive stretching and tearing of ligaments and other soft tissue structures at the joint
Strain
The excessive stretching and tearing of muscles and tendons
Tendon
A fibrous band that attaches muscle to bone
Traction
A pulling force applied to a body part to care for specific Muscuskeletal injuries
Five common signs and symptoms of musculoskeletal injuries
Pain swelling deformity discolouration of the skin in ability to use the affected part normally
List five common signs and symptoms indicating a serious muscoskeletal injury
Significant deformity’s
moderate or severe swelling and discolouration
in ability to move or use effective body part
bone fragments protruding from the wound
patient feels bones grading or felt or heard a snap or pop at the time of injury
loss of circulation or feeling in an extremity
cause of the injury suggest it may be severe
patient feels affected joints giving away
For general care steps for Musculoskeletal injuries
Rest immobilize cold elevate
What are the four general types of splints
Soft rigid anatomical traction
Spinal column
The series of vertebrae extending from the base of the skull to the tip of the tail bone
Spinal cord
A bundle of nerves extending from the base of the skull to the lower back protected by the spinal column
Vertebrae
The 33 bones of the spinal column
Name the 12 steps in order for immobilizing someone on a long backwards
Manual in-line stabilization apply cervical collar logroll the patient on her side check the back for injury position the backboard behind the patient logroll the patient onto the board ensure the patient is in the correct position on the board secure the chest to the board secure the hips to the board secure the sides to the board secure the legs to the board mobilize the head to the board
note May apply collar after patient is on board but strapping shouldn’t be done until colour is applied
List eight signs and symptoms that indicate someone may have head or spinal injury
Changes in level of consciousness severe pain or pressure in the head neck or back swelling tingling or loss of sensation in extremities partial or complete loss of movement of anybody part unusual bomb so depressions on the head neck or back blood or other bodily fluids draining from ears nose mouth or open wounds profuse external bleeding of the head neck or back irregular breathing open wounds to scalp seizures set an impaired breathing or vision but usually are illegal people size nausea or vomiting persistent headache loss of balance incontinence specific Changes in blood pressure and pulse raccoon eyes battle signs
List the five spinal regions
Cervical thoracic lumbar sacrum coccyx
Abdominal aortic aneurism
A rupturing of the abdominal aorta
Flail chest
An injury involving fractured ribs that do not move normally with the rest of the chest during breathing
Haemothorax
A condition in which blood enters the plural space as a result of a blunt or penetrating trauma
Occlusive dressing
Addressing or bandage that seals a win and protects it from the air
Pneumothorax
A condition in which air enters the plural space usually as a result of a blender penetrating trauma
Sucking chest Wound
A type of penetrating chest injury in which a sucking sound is heard with each breath a person takes due to air freely passing in and out of the chest cavity
Tension pneumothorax
The continual flow of air into the plural space which cannot escape
Signs and symptoms of chest injuries
Blueish skin flushed skin pain at the injury site that increases with deep breathing or movement coughing up blood difficulty breathing obvious deformity
Abdominal and or pelvic injuries Signs and symptoms
Tenderness in the abdomen thirst protruding organs nausea and vomiting weakness bruising
Gastroenteritis
A condition often resulting from an infection of the Gastrointestinal tract
Peptic ulcer
Small erosion in the gastrointestinal tract caused by the destruction of gastric or intestinal lining by HYdro chloric acid
Peritonitis
And inflammation of the peritoneum
Status epilepticus
An epileptic seizure that lasted longer than five minutes without any sort of slowing down
Six situations in which more medical advanced care should be obtained when dealing with a seizure
Seizure last more than five minutes patient has repeated seizures patient appears to be injured you were uncertain about the cause of the seizure patient is pregnant patient is known to have diabetes patient is a baby or a child Cesar takes place in water patient feels to regain consciousness after the seizure
Absorbed poison
A poison that enters the body through the skin or mucous membranes
Depressants
Substances that affect the central nervous system to slow physical and mental activity
Designer drug
A potent an illegal street drug formed from a Medicinal substance Who is chemical composure and has been modified
Hallucinogens
Substances that affect mood sensation that emotion and self awareness alter perceptions of time and space and produce delusions
Narcotics
Powerful depressant substances used to relieve anxiety and pain
Stimulants
Substances that affect the central nervous system to speed up physical and mental activity
Frostbite
A serious condition in which body tissues freeze most commonly in the fingers toes and ears and nose
Heat exhaustion
A form of shock often resulting from strenuous work or exercise in a hot environment
Heat stroke
A life-threatening condition that develops with the bodies cooling mechanisms are overwhelmed and body systems begin to fail
Hypothermia
A life-threatening condition in which the body is warming mechanisms failed to maintain normal body temperature in the entire body cools
Normal body temperature
37°C
Temperature of heat cramps
Usually 37°C
Temperature of heat exhaustion
37°C to 38°C
Heat stroke temperature
Up to 41°C
Mild hypothermia temperature
36°C
Moderate hypothermia temperature
30 to 34°C
Severe hypo thermae a temperature
Below 30°C
Heat stroke signs and symptoms
High body temperature red hot dry skin progressive loss of consciousness rapid weak pulse rapid shallow breathing
Heat exhaustion signs and symptoms
Normal or slightly raised body temperature cool moist pale skin headache nausea dizziness and weakness exhaustion
Heat cramp signs and symptoms
Normal body temperature severe muscle contractions usually in the legs and abdomen moist skin
What are the five basic guidelines to follow when assessing the child
Observe the child before touching him
communicate clearly with the parent or guardian and child
remain calm
keep the child with loved ones if possible
gain trust through your actions
Six stages of grief
Bargaining anxiety acceptance denial guilt anger
Difference between children and adults muscoskeletal system
Children more flexible and softer bones
Adults weeker bones and joints
Difference in children and adults integumentary system
Children have thinner skin
Adults have thinner and more fragile skin
Difference and children and adults respiratory system
Children have reduced airway size smaller trachea faster respiratory rate nose breathers abDominal muscles used to breath
Difference and children and adults nervous system
Children have thinner softer brain tissue
Adult brain tissue shrinks decreased memory pain perception and balance altered mental status and depression common slow reaction time
Abruptio Placente
A partial or complete detachment I’m normally in planted plus Centre at more than 20 weeks gestation
Placenta previa
A condition in which the placenta is attached in the lower uterus
Four stages of labour
Preparation
delivery of the baby
delivery of the placenta
stabilization
What are the two priorities of care for a newborn baby
Ensuring babies areas open and clear and keeping baby warm
Body mechanics
Using the body to gain mechanical advantage in the safest and most efficient way
What does choking mean in reaching and moving patients
Placing items such as wood blocks against the wheels of a vehicle to help stabilize the vehicle
What are the five basic principles of body mechanics used to reduce the risk of injury
Use your legs to lift not your back keep the other close to you keep your body aligned reduce the height or distance you need to move and object keep your back rist and knees in normal alignment
What are the three general situations in which you may need to move someone before providing care
Immediate danger gaining access to other patients providing proper care
What are the five points to consider before deciding if you can move someone quickly and safely
Dangerous conditions at the scene size of the patient for physical ability whether others can help you the patient’s condition
START system
A simple system used at the scene of multiple casualty incident to quickly session prior ties care according to three conditions breathing circulation in level of consciousness
Primary responsibilities
Ensure your own safety
Ensure safety for any bystanders
Gain access to the patient
Determine any threats to patiens life
Request more advanced medical care as needed
Provide the necessary care for the patient
Assist more advanced medical personnel
Preceptorship
The relation between and experienced responder and a new responder
4 reasons for documentation
Medical
Legal
Administrative
Research
Preparing for the emergency response
Equipment Plan of action Communications Training Psychological preparation
Acetylsalicylic acid drug profile
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Nitroglycerin drug profile
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Nitrous oxide drug profile
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Narcan drug profile
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Salbutamol drug profile
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Atrovent drug provide
Review
Medial vs lateral
Medial is towards midline of body
Lateral is away from midline of body
Where are Liver Galbladder Stomach Apendix
Liver and gallbladder and apendix right side
Pancreas spleen Stomach left side
What does epiglottis look like
Opening and closing to throat
Where is larnyx
Throat
Atria
Top part of hear
Ventricles
Bottom part of heart
Hypoxia
Lack of oxygen
Abrasion
Skin scraped away “road rash”
Laceration
Cut
Avulsion
A portion of the skin and other soft tissue was partially or completely torn away
Puncture
Skin is pierced with a pointed object
Types of seizures
Generalized
Absence
Febrile
Status Epilepticus
Four phases of generalized seizures
aura phase
Tonic phase
Clonic phase
PostictAl phase
Glucagon drug profile
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Glucose drug profile
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