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A Level Geography (OCR) > Hazardous Earth - Case Studies > Flashcards

Hazardous Earth - Case Studies Flashcards

1
Q

What was the population of Haiti in 2010?

A
  • 10 million
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2
Q

What was the population of Port au Prince?

A
  • 3 million
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3
Q

What was Haiti’s GDP per Capita?

A
  • $660 - Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere
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4
Q

What is Haiti’s HDI ranking?

A
  • 147th in the world
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5
Q

What is Haiti’s adult literacy rate?

A
  • 53%
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6
Q

What makes Haiti a multi-hazard location?

A
  • Hurricanes and tropical storms occur alongside earthquakes
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7
Q

What % of the population in Port au Prince lived in poorly constructed high density concrete buildings?

A
  • 80%
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8
Q

What is dangerous about the location of Port au Prince?

A
  • It sits exactly on the hotspot of Eq. activity in Haiti
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9
Q

What plates does Haiti sit on?

A
  • Gonave Micro Plate
  • Caribbean Plate
  • North American Plate
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10
Q

How was Haiti able to construct settlements in such a tectonically active area?

A
  • There was a lack of earthquake activity in the 18th and 19th century - people simply weren’t aware
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11
Q

What was the magnitude of Haiti’s 2010 earthquake?

A
  • 7.0Mw
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12
Q

What was the Mercalli intensity of Haiti’s 2010 earthquake?

A
  • 9.0
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13
Q

What type of plate margin caused the 2010 earthquake?

A
  • Conservative plate margin - strike slip fault which released 250 years worth of energy
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14
Q

How long did the 2010 earthquake last?

A
  • 30 seconds
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15
Q

What happened 20 minutes after the Haiti 2010 earthquake?

A
  • Two aftershocks of 6.7Mw and 7.0Mw intensity
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16
Q

Where was the epicentre in the Haiti 2010 earthquake?

A
  • 25km west of Port au Prince
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17
Q

What was the severity of the social impact of the 2010 earthquake?

A
  • It was the most destructive earthquake to occur in any country in modern times in terms of percentage of population killed
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18
Q

Why was the Haiti 2010 earthquake as destructive as it was?

A
  • It occurred so close to the densely populated capital of Port au Prince
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19
Q

How many people were killed in the Haiti 2010 earthquake?

A
  • 230,000
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20
Q

How many injuries were there in the 2010 earthquake?

A
  • 300,000
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21
Q

How many people were left homeless by the 2010 earthquake?

A
  • 1.5 million
22
Q

What was the earthquakes impact on schools and hospitals in Haiti

A
  • 80% of schools destroyed
  • 50% of hospitals destroyed
23
Q

What was the total economic loss due to the 2010 earthquake?

A
  • $7-8 billion (100%-200% of Haiti’s GDP)
24
Q

How many homes collapsed/ were critically damaged as a result of the 2010 earthquake?

A
  • 300,000 homes
25
Q

What % of Haiti’s administrative and economic infrastructure was lost?

A
  • 60%
26
Q

How many civil servants in Port au Prince died?

A
  • 25%
27
Q

What % of Haiti was left unemployed?

A
  • 70%
28
Q

What industry was particularly badly affected by the 2010 earthquake?

A
  • Clothing industry
  • Haiti’s largest employer
29
Q

What made it particularly difficult for the government to cope with the earthquakes?

A
  • More than 180 government buildings and 13/15 of the key government offices collapsed
30
Q

How was Haiti’s sovereignty challenged by the 2010 earthquake?

A
  • Due to the extent of foreign intervention from the UN and other international organisations
31
Q

What were the environmental impacts of Haiti’s 2010 earthquake?

A
  • Land moved by 1.8M
  • Sea levels in local areas changed
32
Q

How did the design of buildings affect the hazards posed by the 2010 earthquake?

A
  • They did not have any earthquake resistant buildings before 2010
33
Q

How did the external organisations help with the secondary impacts of the 2010 earthquake?

A
  • Provided an improved water supply for 340,000 people
34
Q

What is beneficial about Haiti’s current investment in earthquake proof buildings?

A
  • For every dollar invested in earthquake proof buildings, $4-7 are saved in potential losses from earthquakes
35
Q

How many, at its peak, were living in camps?

A
  • 1.5 million, with over 100,000 at critical risk from storms and flooding
36
Q

What is Haiti’s current disaster plan?

A
  • Includes stockpiles of food and bottled water
37
Q

How many temporary camps were there?

A
  • 1500 temporary camps were set up outside of Port au Prince
38
Q

How much did the world bank fund Haiti?

A
  • Provided funding for 140,000 school children in the camps
39
Q

How much water and sanitation were provided after the 2010 earthquake?

A
  • Provided for 1.7 million people
40
Q

How much was sent by the US as international AID?

A
  • $100 million
41
Q

How much was sent by the EU as international AID?

A
  • $330 million
42
Q

How many people were supplied with food rations?

A
  • 4.3 million people were supplied with food rations weeks following the earthquake
43
Q

What did the world bank do about Haiti’s debt?

A
  • The world bank cancelled half of Haiti’s debt for 5 years, allowing them time to repay the other half
44
Q

What happened about the Dominican Republic’s AID?

A
  • While they were the first to provide AID, the damage to the airport made it hard for supplies to get to Haiti
45
Q

What were the difficulties for the Un regarding the 2010 earthquake?

A
  • The UN humanitarian AID coordinator killed the earthquake
  • UN building destroyed, coordination of supplies became difficult
46
Q

What were the problems with the rubble the months following the earthquake?

A
  • By July 2010, rubble remained uncleared, which hindered the distribution of the UN
47
Q

What were the problems with Cholera, following the 2010 earthquake?

A
  • Cholera killed 9,700 people, and was the first outbreak in Haiti for 100 years
48
Q

What were the issues regarding the AID money following the 2010 earthquake?

A
  • Haiti only received 72% of the money 12 months after the earthquake, and onky about 50% in the long term
49
Q

What were the issues surrounding the camps following the Haiti 2010 earthquake?

A
  • The camps had inadequate policing meaning rape and sexual assault was wide spread
50
Q

What happened to housing the years following the 2010 earthquake?

A
  • 5 years after the earthquake, 500,000 Haitians were still living in temporary accommodation
51
Q
A

A Level Geography (OCR) (13 decks)

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