Hazard Waste (Exam Part 3)

Question 1

Hazardous Substance as defined in the United States by the USEPA as any substance that because of its (QCP)

Answer 1

a. quantity,
b. concentration or
c. physical, chemical, or infectious

Question 2

characteristics may cause or significantly contribute to, (MSP)

Answer 2

1. an increase in mortality;
2. or cause an increase in serious irreversible or incapacitating reversible illness; or
3. pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health and the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed

Question 3

Several hundred of these chemicals exist and are members of three closely related families : dioxin (CC)

Answer 3

• Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs)
• Chlorinated dibenzofurans (CDFs) a

Question 4

Other ways dioxins are produced (BBSD)

Answer 4

Burning:
Bleaching:
3. Smoking:
4. Drinking Water:

Question 5

EXAMPLES OF HAZARDS (SMPP)

Answer 5

• substance,
  - material
  - process
  - practice

Question 6

In 1989, the EPA adopted a formal process for conducting a baseline risk assessment. This process includes (DTER)

Answer 6

1. data collection and
   evaluation
   2. toxicity assessment
   3. exposure assessment

4. risk characterization

Question 7

RISK ASSESSMENT
Data Collection and Evaluation (GPPCC)

Answer 7

This part of the process includes:
* Gathering background and site information
* Preliminary identification of potential human
and ecosystem exposure through sampling

To gather background information, it is necessary to find:
* Possible contaminants
* Concentrations of contaminants in key
sources and media
* Characteristics of environmental setting

Question 8

The two largest classes of hazardous wastes: (OT)

Answer 8

• pesticides, PCBs, dioxins
  toxic heavy metals
  -lead, mercury, arsenic

Question 9

Two major federal laws regulate hazardous waste in the U.S.: (RC)

Answer 9

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 1976
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)

Question 10

Republic Act (RA) 6969

Answer 10

the Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act

Question 11

A TSD facility may perform one or more of the following functions
( US EPA, 1986) (TSD)

Answer 11

1. Treatment:
   
   2. Storage:
   3. Disposal:

Question 12

1 Listed Waste by US Environmental Protection Agency (US-PA) (FKPU)

Answer 12

a) F-List
b) K-List
c) P-List and
d.)U-List

Question 13

2. Characterized Waste (ICRT)

Answer 13

a) Ignitability
b) Corrosivity
c) Reactivity
d) Toxicity

Question 14

universa; waste (BPEL)

Answer 14

a.)Batteries
b) Pesticides
c) Equipment containing mercury
d) Lamps containing mercury

Question 15

Characteristics OF HAZARDOUS WASTE (EFPTEIRRB)

Answer 15

1. Explosive
2. Flammable and Ignitable (flash point < 600c):
   Solvent washes, petroleum wastes, waste oil, alcohols,
   paint wastes, cleaning solvents etc. Corrosive: acid
   sludges, battery acid waste, caustic waste water, alkaline
   cleaning waste, rust remove waste, etc
3. Poisonous
4. Toxic
5. Ecotoxic
6. Infectious Substances:
7. Reactive:
8. Radioactive:
9. Bioaccumulate:

Question 16

HAZARDOUS WASTE CONTROL MEASURES (SWWWWW)

Answer 16

Source Reduction
a) Technological Efficiency
b) Material Substitute
c) Good Management Practice
2. Waste Avoidance
3. Waste Minimization
4. Water Recycling
a) Direct Reuse
b) Reclamation
5. Waste Treatment
6. Waste Disposal

Question 17

Physical Methods: using charcoal or resins to separate out harmful chemicals. (DSGESFF)

Answer 17

a) Drying
b) Screening
c) Grinding
d) Evaporation
e) Sedimentation
f) Filtration
g) Fixation

Question 18

Waste hierarchy (RRRRRRR)

Answer 18

remove
reduce
resource
reuse
recycle
recover
return

Question 19

2. Chemical Methods: using chemical reactions that can convert hazardous chemicals to less harmful or harmless chemicals. (ORNH)

Answer 19

a) Oxidation
b) Reduction
c) Neutralization
d) Hydrolysis

Question 20

3. Biological Methods (CAAE)

Answer 20

a) Composting
b) Aerobic and Anaerobic Decomposition
c) Activated Sludge
d) Enzyme treatment

Question 21

4. Thermal Methods (IBAUM)

Answer 21

a) Incineration
b) Boiling
c) Autoclaving
d) UV Treatment
e) Microwave Use

Question 22

HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD (LDSO)

Answer 22

1. Land Farming:
   Deep well Injection:
2. Surface Impoundment:
3. Ocean Dumping:

Question 23

 Some of the most significant international treaties
and conventions on environment include the
following; (UCB)

Answer 23

-United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change (UNFCCC),
-the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD),
-the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal

Question 24

The main uses of ozone depleting substances (OSDs) include: (RFFAM)

Answer 24

CFCs and HCFCs in refrigerators and air conditioners,
HCFCs and halons in fire extinguishers,
 CFCs and HCFCs in foam,
 CFCs and HCFCs as aerosol propellants, and
 methyl bromide for fumigation of soil, structures and goods to be imported or exported.