Hatch - SIADH

Question 1

A measure of the solute (Na, K, Cl) concentration in a unit of water.

Answer 1

osmolality

Question 2

Also called Arginine Vasopressin

Produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland.

Answer 2

Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 3

Two primary functions:

1. Regulates water retention in Kidneys
2. Vascular constriction

Answer 3

Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 4

defined by hyponatremia and hypo-osmolality

Answer 4

SIADH

Question 5

resulting from inappropriate, continued secretion or action of ADH despite normal or increased plasma volume, which results in impaired water excretion.

Answer 5

SIADH

Question 6

key to understanding the pathophysiology, signs, symptoms, and treatment of SIADH is the awareness that thehyponatremia is a result of…

Answer 6

key to understanding SIADH is the awareness that thehyponatremia is a result of an excess of water rather than a deficiency of sodium

Question 7

SIADH:

1: Elevated levels of ___
2: Water ______
3: _______ of certain electrolytes or solutes (Na, K, Cl)

Answer 7

SIADH:

1: Elevated levels of ADH
2: Water retention
3: Loss of or dilution of certain electrolytes or solutes (Na, K, Cl)

Question 8

Pathophysiology of ADH:

Vaso-_____.
Synthesized in the _____.
Stored in the ____ pituitary.
Endocrine _____ feedback mechanism from Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus.

Answer 8

Vasoconstrictor.

Synthesized in the hypothalamus .

Stored in the posterior pituitary.

Endocrine negative feedback mechanism from Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus.

Question 9

ADH _____ the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules in the nephrons to allow for water ____, thus preventing water loss.

Answer 9

ADH increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules in the nephrons
this allows for water reabsorption, thus preventing water loss.

Question 10

ADH _____ peripheral vascular resistance and thus ______ arterial blood pressure.

Answer 10

ADH increases peripheral vascular resistance and thus increases arterial blood pressure.

Question 11

> 60% of all cases of SIADH have a ___ etiology. Of that roughly 70% are caused by _____

Answer 11

> 60% of all cases of SIADH have a cancer etiology. Of that roughly 70% are caused by Small Cell Lung CA

Question 12

why is hyponatremia present in individuals that have cancer, more specifically in small cell lung cancer?

Answer 12

The cancer produces even more ADH. So through a dilutional effect, the patient appears hyponatremic.

Question 13

Those with ____ have normal Glucose levels, but their kidneys are not able to balance fluid in the body.

Answer 13

diabetes insipidius

Question 14

Causes of diabetes insipidus (2)

Answer 14

1. do not produce enough ADH

2. do not respond to ADH

Question 15

2 neurogenic diabetes insipidus causes

Answer 15

head trauma

meningitis

Question 16

2 nephorgenic DI causes

Answer 16

antivirals

aminoglycosides