HASS- Water in the World Flashcards

1
Q

define aquifer

A

a body of absorbent rock that can contain or transmit groundwater

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2
Q

How much water in our world is saltwater, seawater or a part of the ocean

A

97%

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3
Q

How much water in our world is freshwater

A

3%

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4
Q

Out of the freshwater in our world, how much of it is located in ice caps and glaciers

A

79%

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5
Q

Out of the freshwater in our world, how much of it is groundwater

A

20%

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6
Q

out of the freshwater in our world, how much of it is easily accessible

A

1%

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7
Q

define groundwater

A

water held underground in soil or in pores and crevices of rocks

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8
Q

define surface water

A

water that collects on the surface of the ground

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9
Q

define catchment

A

an area where water is collected by natural landscape

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10
Q

define dam

A

a barrier built to hold back water and raise its level

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11
Q

define irrigation

A

the supply of water to land or crops to help growth

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12
Q

advantages of groundwater

A

-easily accessible
-renewable
-easy to extract
-won’t evaporate

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13
Q

disadvantages of groundwater

A

-easily polluted
-cause waterborne diseases
-reduce water flow

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14
Q

define water scarcity

A

when there is a lack of safe, fresh water

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15
Q

Causes of water scarcity

A

-population expansion
-pollution
-climate change
-urbanisation

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16
Q

Effects of water scarcity

A

-hunger (make people hungry)
-poverty
-lack of education

17
Q

what can be done to help places suffering from water scarcity?

A

-expand the sources of usable water
-using drip irrigation (more efficient watering)
-installing water tanks that save water

18
Q

Effects of water scarcity on Australia

A

-reduced energy generation
-reduced access to fresh drinking water
-decreased recreational activities

19
Q

how/for what purpose is water used in Australia

A

-consumption: 13,337 GL (gigalitres)
-agriculture: 54%
-households: 15%

20
Q

how to conserve water in the household

A

-turn off the tap when brushing teeth
-only turn on the dishwasher when it’s completely full
-water the garden in the afternoon (less water will be evaporated)

21
Q

Advantages of water conservation in the household

A

Dishwasher: uses less water to wash the dishes
Sprinklers: keeps grass and plants hydrated
Fridges: saves money on bills

22
Q

Disadvantages of water conservation in the household

A

Dishwasher: have to rinse dishes before
Sprinklers: overuse will cause plants to die
Fridges: uses more power and water to freeze the ice

23
Q

Consequences of using water

A

-damage to ecosystems
-negative impact on wetlands, biodiversity, wildlife, and landscape
-bring an economic impact

24
Q

define water footprint

A

the amount of water individuals, groups, or companies

25
Q

How to secure water for the future

A

-take shorter showers
-put restrictions in place (using less water, watering plants at certain times)
-water the garden in the late afternoon, avoid water loss due to evaporation

26
Q

How can the quantity of freshwater be increased?

A

-build desalination tanks to turn saltwater into freshwater
-invent new water conservation technologies
-work with natural hydrological cycles

27
Q

Advantages of water storage methods

A

-boosts economic growth in many countries worldwide
-reduces water waste
-prevents flood disasters (impounds water during times of higher flow)
-saves water

28
Q

Disadvantages of water storage methods

A

-life cycles of aquatic animals will be affected
-reduction in adversity around the reservoir
-adverse environmental impacts (destruction of fish habitats and ecosystems)

29
Q

define water stress

A

when the demand for water exceeds the available amount during a certain period