Hardy-weinberg stuff

Question 1

Genotype:

Answer 1

consist of 2 alleles per individual

Question 2

Genotypic frequency

Answer 2

(# of that genotype) /
(total # of genotypes)

Question 3

f(AA)

Answer 3

p^2

Question 4

f(aa)

Answer 4

q^2

Question 5

f(Aa)

Answer 5

2pq

Question 6

Hardy-weinberg

Answer 6

allele frequencies don’t change over time

Question 7

assumptions of HW equilibrium

Answer 7

1. Random Mating
2. No NS (all genotypes have the same fitness)
3. No genetic drift
4. No gene flow
5. No mutation

Question 8

Four Mechanisms that shift ALLELE frequencies in pops

Answer 8

1. Natural Selection
2. Genetic Drift
3. Gene Flow
4. Mutation

Question 9

Natural Selection

Answer 9

increases the frequency of those alleles that contribute to reproductive success in a particular environment

Question 10

Genetic Drift

Answer 10

causes allele frequencies to change randomly

Question 11

Gene flow

Answer 11

occurs when individuals leave one pop., join another, and breed

Question 12

mutation

Answer 12

modifies allele frequencies by continually introducing new alleles

Question 13

Evolution:

Answer 13

change in allele frequency in a population

Question 14

Difference between NS and evolution

Answer 14

E occurs at the population level, whereas natural selection occurs at the individual level

Question 15

Forces of Evolution:

Answer 15

• Natural or sexual selection
• Nonrandom mating
• Genetic drift
• gene flow
• mutation

Question 16

The HW principle functions as a ______________ to evolution

Answer 16

NULL HYPOTHESIS
- specifies what should be observed if the hypothesis being tested is wrong