biological stuff

Question 1

dispersal ecology

Answer 1

study of movement for breeding/growing

Question 2

dispersal ecology types

Answer 2

-seed
-animal

Question 3

dispersal ecology causes

Answer 3

natal
evolutionary forces

Question 4

3 stage movement of dispersal

Answer 4

1. emigration or departure
2. transfer, transience, vagrant
3. immigration or settlement

Question 5

dispersal vs. migration

Answer 5

dispersal establishes new colony in new area
migration travels and returns

Question 6

evolutionary forces in dispersal

Answer 6

• gene flow
• avoids competition and interbreeding
• increases variance in expected fitness
• allows escape from unfavorable conditions
• may be costly…

Question 7

seed dispersal

Answer 7

1. water
2. wind
3. animals
4. bursting

Question 8

animal dispersal
natal

Answer 8

leaving nest prior to first reproduction

Question 9

animal dispersal
breeding

Answer 9

movement between breeding episodes

Question 10

animal dispersal in male mammals

Answer 10

-move away from nest (sex-biased dispersal)
-dispersers

Question 11

animal dispersers in female mammals

Answer 11

• remain near home
• philopatric

Question 12

dispersal internal state (phenotype)

Answer 12

• physiology
• behavior
• morphology
• life-history traits

Question 13

dispersal external factors (condition)

Answer 13

• inbreeding risk
• kin competition
• intraspecific (species) competition
• habitat quality
• outbreeding risk

Question 14

dispersal transfer of information

Answer 14

• departure
• transience (YOLO)
• settlement

Question 15

genetic diversity

Answer 15

the total genetic information contained in all individuals in a population, group, species, or group of species

Question 16

source of genetic diversity and variance?

Answer 16

mutations (new alleles)
recombination (new combinations)

Question 17

genetic diversity determines

Answer 17

adaptive capacity of population or group

Question 18

how species diversity is measured

Answer 18

1. species richness
2. species diversity

Question 19

richness

Answer 19

count of how many species are in one area

Question 20

species diversity:

Answer 20

measure that incorporates both richness and evenness

Question 21

what changes species diversity?

Answer 21

• speciation
• extinction
• changes in climate

Question 22

ecosystem diversity

Answer 22

variety of biotic components in a region along with abiotic

Question 23

ecosystem function

Answer 23

sum of biological and chemical processes that are important in an ecosystem

Question 24

top 5 threats to biodiversity

Answer 24

1. habitat destruction
2. overexploitation
3. invasive species
4. pollution and disease
5. climate change

Question 25

habitat destruction

Answer 25

complete removal or destruction of a habitat

Question 26

habitat degradation

Answer 26

change (reduction) in the quality of a habitat

Question 27

habitat fragmentation

Answer 27

process by which a large expanse of habitat is transformed into a smaller number of isolated areas

Question 28

habitat fragmentation effects

Answer 28

interior habitat species decrease exterior habitat species increase

Question 29

how are habitat fragmentations different than original

Answer 29

- smaller area - less interior habitat (think radius) - more "edge" (think perimeter) - isolated

Question 30

implications for bio communities

Answer 30

-change in species richness - changes in habitat type mean changes in species composition

Question 31

overexploitation

Answer 31

overharvesting overhunting overfishing

Question 32

effects of overexploitation

Answer 32

1. decreased population size 2. decrease in average size of individual 3. potential for extinction

Question 33

what makes invasive species successful

Answer 33

- rapid growth - wide range in diet - good at dispersing

Question 34

why do invasive species thrive

Answer 34

- few natural predators - good competitors for food - low susceptibility for native disease

Question 35

what areas are most likely to be invaded by invasive species

Answer 35

-edge habitats - early successional areas - remote islands with low diversity - remote islands with no predators