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biological stuff Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

dispersal ecology

A

study of movement for breeding/growing

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2
Q

dispersal ecology types

A

-seed
-animal

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3
Q

dispersal ecology causes

A

natal
evolutionary forces

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4
Q

3 stage movement of dispersal

A
  1. emigration or departure
  2. transfer, transience, vagrant
  3. immigration or settlement
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5
Q

dispersal vs. migration

A

dispersal establishes new colony in new area
migration travels and returns

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6
Q

evolutionary forces in dispersal

A
  • gene flow
  • avoids competition and interbreeding
  • increases variance in expected fitness
  • allows escape from unfavorable conditions
  • may be costly…
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7
Q

seed dispersal

A
  1. water
  2. wind
  3. animals
  4. bursting
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8
Q

animal dispersal
natal

A

leaving nest prior to first reproduction

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9
Q

animal dispersal
breeding

A

movement between breeding episodes

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10
Q

animal dispersal in male mammals

A

-move away from nest (sex-biased dispersal)
-dispersers

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11
Q

animal dispersers in female mammals

A
  • remain near home
  • philopatric
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12
Q

dispersal internal state (phenotype)

A
  • physiology
  • behavior
  • morphology
  • life-history traits
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13
Q

dispersal external factors (condition)

A
  • inbreeding risk
  • kin competition
  • intraspecific (species) competition
  • habitat quality
  • outbreeding risk
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14
Q

dispersal transfer of information

A
  • departure
  • transience (YOLO)
  • settlement
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15
Q

genetic diversity

A

the total genetic information contained in all individuals in a population, group, species, or group of species

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16
Q

source of genetic diversity and variance?

A

mutations (new alleles)
recombination (new combinations)

17
Q

genetic diversity determines

A

adaptive capacity of population or group

18
Q

how species diversity is measured

A
  1. species richness
  2. species diversity
19
Q

richness

A

count of how many species are in one area

20
Q

species diversity:

A

measure that incorporates both richness and evenness

21
Q

what changes species diversity?

A
  • speciation
  • extinction
  • changes in climate
22
Q

ecosystem diversity

A

variety of biotic components in a region along with abiotic

23
Q

ecosystem function

A

sum of biological and chemical processes that are important in an ecosystem

24
Q

top 5 threats to biodiversity

A
  1. habitat destruction
  2. overexploitation
  3. invasive species
  4. pollution and disease
  5. climate change
25
Q

habitat destruction

A

complete removal or destruction of a habitat

26
Q

habitat degradation

A

change (reduction) in the quality of a habitat

27
Q

habitat fragmentation

A

process by which a large expanse of habitat is transformed into a smaller number of isolated areas

28
Q

habitat fragmentation effects

A

interior habitat species decrease
exterior habitat species increase

29
Q

how are habitat fragmentations different than original

A
  • smaller area
  • less interior habitat (think radius)
  • more “edge” (think perimeter)
  • isolated
30
Q

implications for bio communities

A

-change in species richness
- changes in habitat type mean changes in species composition

31
Q

overexploitation

A

overharvesting
overhunting
overfishing

32
Q

effects of overexploitation

A
  1. decreased population size
  2. decrease in average size of individual
  3. potential for extinction
33
Q

what makes invasive species successful

A
  • rapid growth
  • wide range in diet
  • good at dispersing
34
Q

why do invasive species thrive

A
  • few natural predators
  • good competitors for food
  • low susceptibility for native disease
35
Q

what areas are most likely to be invaded by invasive species

A

-edge habitats
- early successional areas
- remote islands with low diversity
- remote islands with no predators

36
Q
A

Bio (9 decks)

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