Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Accel Biology > Hardy-Weinberg > Flashcards

Hardy-Weinberg Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Phenotype

A

the physical characteristics of a species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Genotype

A

combination of alleles that an individual inherits for a given gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gene Pool

A

all of the genes of all the members of a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Allele

A

different versions of a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Phenotype Frequency

A

number of times a phenotype occurs within a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

genotype frequency

A

number of times a genotype occurs within a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Allele frequency

A

number of times an allele occurs within a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

4 main sources of genetic variation

A

mutation, lateral gene transfer, migration, sexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

lateral gene transfer

A

horizontal, between organisms in the same generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

migration

A

moving from one area to another area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sexual reproduction

A

gamete formation through miosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Concept of hardy-weinberg

A

For a population to maintain equilibrium, certain conditions must be met, and that will stop evolution. The population has gene/allele frequencies that do not change. The population cannot evolve and there is no change happening. Although, this is impossible. We have proved gene frequencies must change from generation to generation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5 criteria to meet for hardy-weinberg

A

no new mutations, no natural selection, no migration, large population, and random mating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

concept of genetic equilibrium

A

gene and allele frequencies do not change and evolution does not occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hardy-Weinberg equations

A

p+q=1
p=dominant allele frequency
q=recessice allele frequency
p^2+2pq+q^2=1
p^2=dominant homozygous frequency
q^2= recessive homozygous frequency
2pq=heterozygous frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Genetic drift

A

A change in gene frequency due to a random event, like natural disasters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is genetic drift more susceptible to small populations

A

smaller frequencies are easier to change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why can genetic drift lead to extinction

A

it leads to less variation and they are not as likely to be able to adapt to the environmental changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bottleneck effect

A

very large population is reduced to a small population by a natural disaster, loss of alleles leads to reduced gene pool, part of genetic drift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

founder effect

A

a few individuals from the original large population break away to form a new population, gene pool of following generations is based on the founding population, part of genetic drift.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

gene flow

A

Movement of genes from one population to another population. 2 types immigration and emigration. Gene pools become more and more similar and could become one population.

22
Q

immigration

A

move into a population

23
Q

emigration

A

move out of a population

24
Q

the heterozygous advantage in sickle cell anemia

A

aa is fatal because it causes the blood cells to clump and collapse so there is no oxygen available
AA is more susceptible to malaria
Aa is resistant to malaria and has only mild sickle cell disease.

25
Q

stabilizing selection

A

the sweet spot is right in the middle, those who have the “middle” trait are more likely to survive

26
Q

disruptive selection

A

the sweet spot is the extreme left and right. Those who have the “left or right” trait are more likely to survive.

27
Q

directional selection

A

the sweet spot is either one side or the other. Those who have either the “left or the right” are more likely to survive.

28
Q

definition of a species

A

groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural population which produce fertile offspring

29
Q

flaws to the definition of a species

A

those who reproduce asexually do not interbreed, therefore they do not fit under the definition.

30
Q

speciation

A

how new species form

31
Q

process of allopatric

A

speciation due to a geographic barrier

32
Q

temporal isolation

A

different times of reproduction

33
Q

behavioral isolation

A

different behaviors and rituals like courtship

34
Q

speciation with Galapagos finches

A

geographic isolation and the founder effect

35
Q

convergent evolution

A

similar environmental pressures, two species become more closely similar, but never one species

36
Q

divergent evolution

A

different environmental pressures, one species breaks off into two different species

37
Q

adaptive radiation

A

different environmental pressures, one species breaks off into multiple different species

38
Q

coevolution

A

change in response to each other, birds and flowers, bacteria and antibiotics

39
Q

3 key elements that must occur for a new species to form

A

separated geographically, reproductive isolation, populations get new niches

40
Q

definition of evolution

A

change in gene frequencies in a population from generation to generation

41
Q

mechanisms of evolution

A

natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift

42
Q

what does natural selection act on

A

phenotypes

43
Q

what does a greater genetic variation in a population mean

A

a wide range of phenotypes

44
Q

do individuals evolve

A

no, populations do

45
Q

what did the hardy-weinberg equilibrium prove

A

populations have to evolve because all five conditions cannot happen simultaneously. That proves that gene frequencies change from generation to generation

46
Q

can a population get rid of the recessive allele in a gene pool

A

it is very unlikely because even if the population of them get very low, there will still be Rr

47
Q

hardy-weinberg equilibrium must occur in populations where

A

an allele remains fixed, natural selection is not operating

48
Q

parts of an HIV cell and what they do

A

attacks white blood cells, weakens a person’s immune system, and makes them more susceptible to infections. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus

49
Q

Modern synthesis

A

it incorporates genetics and population biology into natural selection, thomas hunt morgan and theodosius dohzhansky worked together. It says that mutations create variation and most have no effect

50
Q

how is modern synthesis different from darwins theory?

A

It recognizes the importance of mutations to variation, incorporates other methods of evolution, and says that speciation occurs due to an accumulation of mutations and genetic change

Accel Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions