Hardiness^ Flashcards
Hardiness
Maddi
the extend to which we can deal with stress and the determination to keep pushing through
Aspects
commitment
- motivation to finish for reward
challenge
- resilience for opportunity from change
control
- influence over events caused by them
Kobasa
measured LC of 670 male American managers (40-49)
Schedule of Recent Experiences to identify who experienced lots of stress over 3 years
measured illness with the Seriousness of Illness Survey and recorded absences
P don’t respond to stress the same
- some cope without illness or absences = scored high on measures of 3 Cs
Maddi
spend years studying 400 managers at US telephone company that went throught big reorganisation
100s lost jobs and those who didn’t were very stressed
declines in performance and health in 2/3 (HA, depr)
1/3 were better stressed and scored high on 3 Cs
Real World Applications
Bartone et al
measure hardiness in candidates for US army
passing course = hardy
elite units selected people with high levels
Research Support
Contrada
measure cardivascular responses in men to a stressful task
those hardier had high levels of resting blood pressure as response (hardy and Type B)
VS Research Support
difficulties in measuring hardiness
Contrada
- used 5 diff questionnaires
- hardiness = vague concept since needs many measures
later found that only challenge was linked to hardiness
lowers validity
Concept is Too Broad
disagreement over the contributions of 3 Cs
Hull et al
- research should only focus on control, little committment and no challenge
- many research show imp of control so its crucial factor to determine a hardy response
But Contrada
- gave proof that challenge is the most imp component
too broad = little validity
Direct or Indirect
Maddi
- direct beneficial effect on health
- stressed = hardy people reduced level of physiological arousal than non-hardy
But, the effect may be indirect
- hardy people are more motivated to be healthy
