HARD UNIT 4 - alcohols Flashcards
1
Q
How can alcohols be prepared?
A
haloalkanes by substitution
alkenes by acid-catalysed hydration (addition)
aldehydes and ketone undergoing reduction
2
Q
How can alcohols form alkenes?
A
Dehydration using aluminium oxide, concentrated sulphuric acid or concentrated phosphoric acid.
3
Q
How can alcoholic alkoxides be formed ?
A
By reaction with alkali metals, such as potassium or sodium. These can then be reacted with monohaloalkanes to form ethers.
4
Q
What is the catalyst for esterification?
A
Concentrated sulfuric acid or concentrated phosphoric acid.
5
Q
How can alcohols also form esters?
A
By reaction with acid chlorides. This gives a faster reaction, and no catalyst is needed.
